------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Traditional non-dependent lenses
------------------------------------------------------------------------

import Equality.Path as P

module Lens.Non-dependent.Traditional
  {e⁺} (eq :  {a p}  P.Equality-with-paths a p e⁺) where

open P.Derived-definitions-and-properties eq

open import Logical-equivalence using (_⇔_)
open import Prelude

open import Bijection equality-with-J as Bij using (_↔_)
open import Circle eq as Circle using (𝕊¹)
open import Equality.Path.Isomorphisms eq
open import Equivalence equality-with-J as Eq
  using (_≃_; Is-equivalence)
open import Extensionality equality-with-J
open import Function-universe equality-with-J as F hiding (id; _∘_)
open import H-level equality-with-J as H-level
open import H-level.Closure equality-with-J
open import H-level.Truncation.Propositional eq as Trunc
  using (∥_∥; ∣_∣)
open import Preimage equality-with-J using (_⁻¹_)
open import Surjection equality-with-J using (_↠_)
open import Univalence-axiom equality-with-J

open import Lens.Non-dependent eq as Non-dependent
  hiding (no-first-projection-lens; no-singleton-projection-lens)

private
  variable
    a b c p         : Level
    A A₁ A₂ B B₁ B₂ : Type a
    u v x₁ x₂ y₁ y₂ : A

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Traditional lenses

-- Lenses.

record Lens (A : Type a) (B : Type b) : Type (a  b) where
  field
    -- Getter and setter.
    get : A  B
    set : A  B  A

    -- Lens laws.
    get-set :  a b  get (set a b)  b
    set-get :  a  set a (get a)  a
    set-set :  a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂

  -- A combination of get and set.

  modify : (B  B)  A  A
  modify f x = set x (f (get x))

instance

  -- Traditional lenses have getters and setters.

  has-getter-and-setter :
    Has-getter-and-setter (Lens {a = a} {b = b})
  has-getter-and-setter = record
    { get = Lens.get
    ; set = Lens.set
    }

-- Lens A B is isomorphic to a nested Σ-type.

Lens-as-Σ :
  Lens A B 
   λ (get : A  B) 
   λ (set : A  B  A) 
  (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
  (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
  (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂)
Lens-as-Σ = record
  { surjection = record
    { logical-equivalence = record
      { to   = λ l  get l , set l , get-set l , set-get l , set-set l
      ; from = λ { (get , set , get-set , set-get , set-set) 
                   record
                     { get     = get
                     ; set     = set
                     ; get-set = get-set
                     ; set-get = set-get
                     ; set-set = set-set
                     }
                 }
      }
    ; right-inverse-of = refl
    }
  ; left-inverse-of = refl
  }
  where
  open Lens

private
  variable
    l₁ l₂ : Lens A B

-- An example: A lens corresponding to the value of a function for a
-- certain input.

function-at : Decidable-equality A  A  Lens (A  B) B
function-at _≟_ a = record
  { get     = λ f  f a
  ; set     = λ f b a′  if a  a′ then b else f a′
  ; get-set = λ f b  lemma₁ (a  a)
  ; set-get = λ f  ⟨ext⟩ λ a′  lemma₂ f (a  a′)
  ; set-set = λ f b₁ b₂  ⟨ext⟩ λ a′  lemma₃ (a  a′)
  }
  where
  lemma₁ :
     {b₁ b₂} (d : Dec (a  a)) 
    if d then b₁ else b₂  b₁
  lemma₁ (yes _)  = refl _
  lemma₁ (no a≢a) = ⊥-elim $ a≢a (refl _)

  lemma₂ :
     f {a′} (d : Dec (a  a′)) 
    if d then f a else f a′  f a′
  lemma₂ f (yes a≡a′) = cong f a≡a′
  lemma₂ _ (no _)     = refl _

  lemma₃ :
     {a′ b₁ b₂ b₃} (d : Dec (a  a′)) 
    if d then b₂ else (if d then b₁ else b₃) 
    if d then b₂ else b₃
  lemma₃ (yes _) = refl _
  lemma₃ (no _)  = refl _

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Somewhat coherent lenses

-- Traditional lenses that satisfy some extra coherence properties.

record Coherent-lens (A : Type a) (B : Type b) : Type (a  b) where
  field
    lens : Lens A B

  open Lens lens public

  field
    get-set-get :  a  cong get (set-get a)  get-set a (get a)
    get-set-set :
       a b₁ b₂ 
      cong get (set-set a b₁ b₂) 
      trans (get-set (set a b₁) b₂) (sym (get-set a b₂))

instance

  -- Somewhat coherent lenses have getters and setters.

  coherent-has-getter-and-setter :
    Has-getter-and-setter (Coherent-lens {a = a} {b = b})
  coherent-has-getter-and-setter = record
    { get = Coherent-lens.get
    ; set = Coherent-lens.set
    }

-- Coherent-lens A B is equivalent to a nested Σ-type.

Coherent-lens-as-Σ :
  Coherent-lens A B 
   λ (l : Lens A B) 
    let open Lens l in
    (∀ a  cong get (set-get a)  get-set a (get a)) ×
    (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
     cong get (set-set a b₁ b₂) 
     trans (get-set (set a b₁) b₂) (sym (get-set a b₂)))
Coherent-lens-as-Σ = Eq.↔→≃
   l  lens l , get-set-get l , get-set-set l)
   (l , get-set-get , get-set-set)  record
     { lens        = l
     ; get-set-get = get-set-get
     ; get-set-set = get-set-set
     })
  refl
  refl
  where
  open Coherent-lens

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some lemmas

-- If two lenses have equal setters, then they also have equal
-- getters.

getters-equal-if-setters-equal :
  let open Lens in
  (l₁ l₂ : Lens A B) 
  set l₁  set l₂ 
  get l₁  get l₂
getters-equal-if-setters-equal l₁ l₂ setters-equal = ⟨ext⟩ λ a 
  get l₁ a                      ≡⟨ cong (get l₁) $ sym $ set-get l₂ _ 
  get l₁ (set l₂ a (get l₂ a))  ≡⟨ cong  f  get l₁ (f _ _)) $ sym setters-equal 
  get l₁ (set l₁ a (get l₂ a))  ≡⟨ get-set l₁ _ _ ⟩∎
  get l₂ a                      
  where
  open Lens

-- If the forward direction of an equivalence is Lens.get l, then the
-- setter of l can be expressed using the other direction of the
-- equivalence.

from≡set :
   (l : Lens A B) is-equiv 
  let open Lens
      A≃B = Eq.⟨ get l , is-equiv 
  in
   a b  _≃_.from A≃B b  set l a b
from≡set l is-equiv a b =
  _≃_.to-from Eq.⟨ get , is-equiv  (
    get (set a b)  ≡⟨ get-set _ _ ⟩∎
    b              )
  where
  open Lens l

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some lens isomorphisms

-- Lens preserves equivalences.

Lens-cong : A₁  A₂  B₁  B₂  Lens A₁ B₁  Lens A₂ B₂
Lens-cong {A₁ = A₁} {A₂ = A₂} {B₁ = B₁} {B₂ = B₂} A₁≃A₂ B₁≃B₂ =
  Lens A₁ B₁                                             ↔⟨ Lens-as-Σ 

  ( λ (get : A₁  B₁) 
    λ (set : A₁  B₁  A₁) 
   (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
   (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
   (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂))         ↝⟨ (Σ-cong (→-cong ext A₁≃A₂ B₁≃B₂) λ get 
                                                           Σ-cong (→-cong ext A₁≃A₂ $ →-cong ext B₁≃B₂ A₁≃A₂) λ set 
                                                           (Π-cong ext A₁≃A₂ λ a  Π-cong ext B₁≃B₂ λ b 
                                                            inverse (Eq.≃-≡ B₁≃B₂) F.∘
                                                            (≡⇒≃ $ cong (_≡ _)
      (get (set a b)                                          ≡⟨ sym $ cong₂  a b  get (set a b))
                                                                   (_≃_.left-inverse-of A₁≃A₂ _)
                                                                   (_≃_.left-inverse-of B₁≃B₂ _) 
       get (set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂ a))
              (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ b)))              ≡⟨ cong get $ sym $ _≃_.left-inverse-of A₁≃A₂ _ ⟩∎

       get (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂
              (set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂ a))
                 (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ b)))))         )))
                                                             ×-cong
                                                           (Π-cong ext A₁≃A₂ λ a 
                                                            inverse (Eq.≃-≡ A₁≃A₂) F.∘
                                                            (≡⇒≃ $ cong (_≡ _)
      (set a (get a)                                           ≡⟨ cong (set a) $ sym $ _≃_.left-inverse-of B₁≃B₂ _ 

       set a (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ (get a)))           ≡⟨ cong  a  set a (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ (get a)))) $ sym $
                                                                  _≃_.left-inverse-of A₁≃A₂ _ ⟩∎
       set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂ a))
         (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂
            (get (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂ a)))))          )))
                                                             ×-cong
                                                           (inverse $ Π-cong ext (inverse A₁≃A₂) λ a 
                                                            inverse $ Π-cong ext B₁≃B₂ λ b₁ 
                                                            inverse $ Π-cong ext (inverse B₁≃B₂) λ b₂ 
                                                            (≡⇒≃ $ cong  a′  set a′ (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ b₂) 
                                                                                set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ a) (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ b₂))
      (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ (_≃_.to A₁≃A₂
         (set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ a)
            (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ b₁))))               ≡⟨ _≃_.left-inverse-of A₁≃A₂ _ 

       set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ a)
         (_≃_.from B₁≃B₂ (_≃_.to B₁≃B₂ b₁))                    ≡⟨ cong (set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ a)) $
                                                                  _≃_.left-inverse-of B₁≃B₂ _ ⟩∎

       set (_≃_.from A₁≃A₂ a) b₁                               )) F.∘
                                                            Eq.≃-≡ A₁≃A₂)) 
  ( λ (get : A₂  B₂) 
    λ (set : A₂  B₂  A₂) 
   (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
   (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
   (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂))         ↔⟨ inverse Lens-as-Σ ⟩□

  Lens A₂ B₂                                           

-- If B is a proposition, then Lens A B is isomorphic to
-- (A → B) × ((a : A) → a ≡ a).

lens-to-proposition↔ :
  Is-proposition B 
  Lens A B  (A  B) × ((a : A)  a  a)
lens-to-proposition↔ {B = B} {A = A} B-prop =
  Lens A B                                                               ↝⟨ Lens-as-Σ 

  ( λ (get : A  B) 
    λ (set : A  B  A) 
     (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
     (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂))                         ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                             drop-⊤-left-× λ _ 
                                                                             _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                             Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                             Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                             +⇒≡ B-prop) 
  ( λ (get : A  B) 
    λ (set : A  B  A) 
     (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂))                         ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ get  ∃-cong λ set  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                             ∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b₁  ∀-cong ext λ b₂ 
                                                                               ≡⇒↝ _ (
       (set (set a b₁)                         b₂  set a b₂)                    ≡⟨ cong  b  set (set a b) b₂  _) (B-prop _ _) 
       (set (set a (get a))                    b₂  set a b₂)                    ≡⟨ cong  b  set (set a (get a)) b  _) (B-prop _ _) 
       (set (set a (get a)) (get (set a (get a)))  set a b₂)                    ≡⟨ cong  b  _  set a b) (B-prop _ _) ⟩∎
       (set (set a (get a)) (get (set a (get a)))  set a (get a))               )) 

  ( λ (get : A  B) 
    λ (set : A  B  A) 
     (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
     (∀ a  B  B 
        set (set a (get a)) (get (set a (get a))) 
        set a (get a)))                                                  ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ get  Σ-cong (A→B→A↔A→A get) λ _  F.id) 

  ((A  B) ×
    λ (f : A  A) 
     (∀ a  f a  a) ×
     (∀ a  B  B  f (f a)  f a))                                      ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ get  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                             ∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                             drop-⊤-left-Π ext (B↔⊤ (get a)) F.∘
                                                                             drop-⊤-left-Π ext (B↔⊤ (get a))) 

  ((A  B) ×  λ (f : A  A)  (∀ a  f a  a) × (∀ a  f (f a)  f a))  ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ f  ∃-cong λ f≡id 
                                                                             ∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                             ≡⇒↝ _ (cong₂ _≡_ (trans (f≡id (f a)) (f≡id a)) (f≡id a))) 

  ((A  B) ×  λ (f : A  A)  (∀ a  f a  a) × (∀ a  a  a))          ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                             Σ-assoc F.∘
                                                                             (∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                              Σ-cong (Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) λ _  F.id)) 

  (A  B) × ( λ (f : A  A)  f  id) × (∀ a  a  a)                   ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  drop-⊤-left-× λ _ 
                                                                             _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                             singleton-contractible _) ⟩□
  (A  B) × (∀ a  a  a)                                                
  where
  B↔⊤ : B  B  
  B↔⊤ b =
    _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
      propositional⇒inhabited⇒contractible B-prop b

  A→B→A↔A→A : (A  B)  (A  B  A)  (A  A)
  A→B→A↔A→A get =
    (A  B  A)  ↝⟨ ∀-cong ext  a  drop-⊤-left-Π ext $ B↔⊤ (get a)) ⟩□
    (A  A)      

-- Lens A ⊤ is isomorphic to (a : A) → a ≡ a.

lens-to-⊤↔ : Lens A   ((a : A)  a  a)
lens-to-⊤↔ {A = A} =
  Lens A                      ↝⟨ lens-to-proposition↔ (mono₁ 0 ⊤-contractible) 
  (A  ) × ((a : A)  a  a)  ↝⟨ drop-⊤-left-×  _  →-right-zero) ⟩□
  ((a : A)  a  a)            

-- Lens A ⊥ is isomorphic to ¬ A.

lens-to-⊥↔ : Lens A ( { = b})  ¬ A
lens-to-⊥↔ {A = A} =
  Lens A                      ↝⟨ lens-to-proposition↔ ⊥-propositional 
  (A  ) × ((a : A)  a  a)  ↝⟨ →-cong ext F.id (Bij.⊥↔uninhabited ⊥-elim)
                                    ×-cong
                                  F.id 
  ¬ A × ((a : A)  a  a)      ↝⟨ drop-⊤-right lemma ⟩□
  ¬ A                          
  where
  lemma : ¬ A  ((a : A)  a  a)  
  lemma ¬a = record
    { surjection = record
      { logical-equivalence = record
        { to   = _
        ; from = λ _ _  refl _
        }
      ; right-inverse-of = λ _  refl _
      }
    ; left-inverse-of = λ eq  ⟨ext⟩ λ a 
        ⊥-elim (¬a a)
    }

-- See also lens-from-⊥≃⊤ and lens-from-⊤≃codomain-contractible below.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some lens results related to h-levels

-- If the domain of a lens is inhabited and has h-level n,
-- then the codomain also has h-level n.

h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited :
   n  Lens A B  A  H-level n A  H-level n B
h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited {A = A} {B = B} n l a =
  H-level n A  ↝⟨ H-level.respects-surjection surj n ⟩□
  H-level n B  
  where
  open Lens l

  surj : A  B
  surj = record
    { logical-equivalence = record
      { to   = get
      ; from = set a
      }
    ; right-inverse-of = λ b 
        get (set a b)  ≡⟨ get-set a b ⟩∎
        b              
    }

-- Lenses with contractible domains have contractible codomains.

contractible-to-contractible :
  Lens A B  Contractible A  Contractible B
contractible-to-contractible l c =
  h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited _ l (proj₁ c) c

-- If A and B have h-level n given the assumption that A is inhabited,
-- then Lens A B also has h-level n.

lens-preserves-h-level :
   n  (A  H-level n A)  (A  H-level n B) 
  H-level n (Lens A B)
lens-preserves-h-level n hA hB =
  H-level.respects-surjection (_↔_.surjection (inverse Lens-as-Σ)) n $
  Σ-closure n (Π-closure ext n λ a 
               hB a) λ _ 
  Σ-closure n (Π-closure ext n λ a 
               Π-closure ext n λ _ 
               hA a) λ _ 
  ×-closure n (Π-closure ext n λ a 
               Π-closure ext n λ _ 
               +⇒≡ $ mono₁ n (hB a)) $
  ×-closure n (Π-closure ext n λ a 
               +⇒≡ $ mono₁ n (hA a))
              (Π-closure ext n λ a 
               Π-closure ext n λ _ 
               Π-closure ext n λ _ 
               +⇒≡ $ mono₁ n (hA a))

-- If A has positive h-level n, then Lens A B also has h-level n.

lens-preserves-h-level-of-domain :
   n  H-level (1 + n) A  H-level (1 + n) (Lens A B)
lens-preserves-h-level-of-domain n hA =
  [inhabited⇒+]⇒+ n λ l 
    lens-preserves-h-level (1 + n)  _  hA) λ a 
      h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited _ l a hA

-- Lens 𝕊¹ ⊤ is not propositional (assuming univalence).
--
-- (The lemma does not actually use the univalence argument, but
-- univalence is used by Circle.¬-type-of-refl-propositional.)

¬-lens-to-⊤-propositional :
  Univalence (# 0) 
  ¬ Is-proposition (Lens 𝕊¹ )
¬-lens-to-⊤-propositional _ =
  Is-proposition (Lens 𝕊¹ )                 ↝⟨ H-level.respects-surjection (_↔_.surjection lens-to-⊤↔) 1 
  Is-proposition ((x : 𝕊¹)  x  x)          ↝⟨ H-level-cong _ 1 (Π-cong ext (inverse Bij.↑↔) λ _  Eq.≃-≡ $ Eq.↔⇒≃ Bij.↑↔) 
  Is-proposition ((x :  lzero 𝕊¹)  x  x)  ↝⟨ proj₂ $ Circle.¬-type-of-refl-propositional ⟩□
                                            

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some equality characterisation lemmas

opaque

  -- An equality characterisation lemma.

  equality-characterisation₁ :
    let open Lens in

    l₁  l₂
      
     λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
     λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
      (∀ a b  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                 (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
                    (get-set l₁ a b)) 
               get-set l₂ a b)
        ×
      (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
               (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                  (set-get l₁ a)) 
             set-get l₂ a)
        ×
      (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                     (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
                   set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)

  equality-characterisation₁ {l₁ = l₁} {l₂ = l₂} =
    let l₁′ = _↔_.to Lens-as-Σ l₁
        l₂′ = _↔_.to Lens-as-Σ l₂
    in

    l₁  l₂                                                            ↔⟨ Eq.≃-≡ (Eq.↔⇒≃ (inverse Lens-as-Σ)) 

    l₁′  l₂′                                                          ↔⟨ Eq.≃-≡ (Eq.↔⇒≃ (inverse Σ-assoc)) 

    ((get l₁ , set l₁) , proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′))
      
    ((get l₂ , set l₂) , proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))                            ↝⟨ inverse Bij.Σ-≡,≡↔≡ 

    ( λ (gs : (get l₁ , set l₁)  (get l₂ , set l₂)) 
     subst  { (get , set) 
                (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
                (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
           gs (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′)) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))                                                ↝⟨ Σ-cong (inverse ≡×≡↔≡)  gs  ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                                          cong  (gs : (get l₁ , set l₁)  (get l₂ , set l₂)) 
                                                                                  subst  { (get , set) 
                                                                                             (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
                                                                                             (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                                                                                             (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
                                                                                        gs (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′))
                                                                                    
                                                                                  proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))
                                                                               (sym $ _↔_.right-inverse-of ≡×≡↔≡ gs)) 
    ( λ (gs : get l₁  get l₂ × set l₁  set l₂) 
     subst  { (get , set) 
                (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
                (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ gs) (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′)) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))                                                ↝⟨ inverse Σ-assoc 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     subst  { (get , set) 
                (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
                (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′)) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))                                                ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s  ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                                           cong  x  x  proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))
                                                                                (push-subst-, {y≡z = _↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)} _ _)) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     ( subst  { (get , set)   a b  get (set a b)  b })
             (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁)
     , subst  { (get , set) 
                  (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                  (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (proj₂ (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′)))
     ) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′))                                                ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  inverse ≡×≡↔≡) 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     subst  { (get , set)   a b  get (set a b)  b })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁) 
     get-set l₂
       ×
     subst  { (get , set) 
                (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
                (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (proj₂ (proj₂ (proj₂ l₁′))) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′)))                                        ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s  ∃-cong λ _  ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                                           cong  x  x  proj₂ (proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′)))
                                                                                (push-subst-, {y≡z = _↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)} _ _)) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     subst  { (get , set)   a b  get (set a b)  b })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁) 
     get-set l₂
       ×
     ( subst  { (get , set)   a  set a (get a)  a })
             (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-get l₁)
     , subst  { (get , set) 
                   a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
             (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-set l₁)
     ) 
     proj₂ (proj₂ (proj₂ l₂′)))                                        ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  inverse ≡×≡↔≡) 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     subst  { (get , set)   a b  get (set a b)  b })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁) 
     get-set l₂
       ×
     subst  { (get , set)   a  set a (get a)  a })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-get l₁) 
     set-get l₂
       ×
     subst  { (get , set) 
                 a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
           (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-set l₁) 
       set-set l₂)                                                     ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s 
                                                                           lemma₁  { (get , set) a   b  get (set a b)  b })
                                                                                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s))
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           lemma₁  { (get , set) a  set a (get a)  a })
                                                                                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s))
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           lemma₁  { (get , set) a   b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                                                                                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s))) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a  subst  { (get , set)   b  get (set a b)  b })
                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁ a) 
            get-set l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  { (get , set)  set a (get a)  a })
                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-get l₁ a) 
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  { (get , set) 
                        b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-set l₁ a) 
            set-set l₂ a))                                             ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s 
                                                                           (∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                              lemma₁  { (get , set) b  get (set a b)  b })
                                                                                     (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)))
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           F.id
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           (∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                              lemma₁  { (get , set) b₁   b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                                                                                     (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)))) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b  subst  { (get , set)  get (set a b)  b })
                    (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁ a b) 
              get-set l₂ a b)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  { (get , set)  set a (get a)  a })
                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-get l₁ a) 
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁  subst  { (get , set) 
                           b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                     (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-set l₁ a b₁) 
               set-set l₂ a b₁))                                       ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                           ∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b₁ 
                                                                             lemma₁  { (get , set) b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                                                                                    (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s))) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b  subst  { (get , set)  get (set a b)  b })
                    (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (get-set l₁ a b) 
              get-set l₂ a b)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  { (get , set)  set a (get a)  a })
                  (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-get l₁ a) 
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  { (get , set) 
                             set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ })
                        (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (g , s)) (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
                  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                                 ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s 
                                                                           (∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b 
                                                                            lemma₂  { (get , set)  get (set a b)  b }) g s)
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           (∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                            lemma₂  { (get , set)  set a (get a)  a }) g s)
                                                                             ×-cong
                                                                           (∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b₁  ∀-cong ext λ b₂ 
                                                                            lemma₂  { (get , set)  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂ }) g s)) 
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
                   (get-set l₁ a b)) 
              get-set l₂ a b)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
              (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                 (set-get l₁ a)) 
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
        subst  get  set l₂ (set l₂ a b₁) b₂  set l₂ a b₂) g
          (subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
             (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂)) 
        set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                                           ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                           ∀-cong ext λ _  ∀-cong ext λ _  ∀-cong ext λ _ 
                                                                           ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong  x  x  _) $ subst-const g) ⟩□
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
                   (get-set l₁ a b)) 
              get-set l₂ a b)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
              (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                 (set-get l₁ a)) 
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                    (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
                  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                                 
    where
    open Lens

    opaque

      lemma₁ :
         (C : A  B  Type c) (eq : u  v) {f g} 
        (subst  x   y  C x y) eq f  g)
          
        (∀ y  subst  x  C x y) eq (f y)  g y)
      lemma₁ C eq {f} {g} =
        subst  x   y  C x y) eq f  g              ↔⟨ inverse $ Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext 
        (∀ y  subst  x   y  C x y) eq f y  g y)  ↝⟨ (∀-cong ext λ y  ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                            cong  x  x  _) (sym $ push-subst-application eq _)) ⟩□
        (∀ y  subst  x  C x y) eq (f y)  g y)      

    lemma₂ :
      (P : A × B  Type p) (x₁≡x₂ : x₁  x₂) (y₁≡y₂ : y₁  y₂) 
       {p p′} 
      (subst P (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (x₁≡x₂ , y₁≡y₂)) p  p′)
        
      (subst  x  P (x , y₂)) x₁≡x₂ (subst  y  P (x₁ , y)) y₁≡y₂ p)
         
       p′)
    lemma₂ P x₁≡x₂ y₁≡y₂ {p = p} = ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong (_≡ _) $ elim¹
       y₁≡y₂ 
         subst P (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (x₁≡x₂ , y₁≡y₂)) p 
         subst  x  P (x , _)) x₁≡x₂
           (subst  y  P (_ , y)) y₁≡y₂ p))
      (subst P (_↔_.to ≡×≡↔≡ (x₁≡x₂ , refl _)) p                     ≡⟨⟩

       subst P (cong₂ _,_ x₁≡x₂ (refl _)) p                          ≡⟨⟩

       subst P (trans (cong (_, _) x₁≡x₂) (cong (_ ,_) (refl _))) p  ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst P (trans (cong (_, _) x₁≡x₂) eq) p) $ cong-refl _ 

       subst P (trans (cong (_, _) x₁≡x₂) (refl _)) p                ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst P eq p) $ trans-reflʳ _ 

       subst P (cong (_, _) x₁≡x₂) p                                 ≡⟨ sym $ subst-∘ _ _ _ 

       subst  x  P (x , _)) x₁≡x₂ p                               ≡⟨ cong (subst  x  P (x , _)) x₁≡x₂) $ sym $ subst-refl _ _ ⟩∎

       subst  x  P (x , _)) x₁≡x₂
         (subst  y  P (_ , y)) (refl _) p)                        )
      _

  -- Another equality characterisation lemma.

  equality-characterisation₂ :
    let open Lens in

    l₁  l₂
      
     λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
     λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
      (∀ a b 
         trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
           (get-set l₁ a b) 
         get-set l₂ a b) ×
      (∀ a 
         trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
           (set-get l₁ a) 
         set-get l₂ a) ×
      (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
         subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
           (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
         set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)

  equality-characterisation₂ {l₁ = l₁} {l₂ = l₂} =
    l₁  l₂                                                          ↝⟨ equality-characterisation₁ 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       (∀ a b  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                  (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
                     (get-set l₁ a b)) 
                get-set l₂ a b)
         ×
       (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
                (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                   (set-get l₁ a)) 
              set-get l₂ a)
         ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                      (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
                    set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                             ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s 
                                                                         (∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b  ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong (_≡ _) $
                                                                          lemma₁ g s a b)
                                                                           ×-cong
                                                                         (∀-cong ext λ a  ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong (_≡ _) $
                                                                          lemma₂ g s a)
                                                                           ×-cong
                                                                         F.id) ⟩□
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       (∀ a b  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
                  (get-set l₁ a b) 
                get-set l₂ a b) ×
       (∀ a  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
                (set-get l₁ a) 
              set-get l₂ a) ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
          subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
            (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
          set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                                       
    where
    open Lens

    lemma₁ :
      (g : get l₁  get l₂) (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       a b 
      subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
        (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
           (get-set l₁ a b)) 
      trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
        (get-set l₁ a b)
    lemma₁ g s a b =
      subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
        (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
           (get-set l₁ a b))                                     ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g eq) $
                                                                    subst-in-terms-of-trans-and-cong {x≡y = s} {fx≡gx = (get-set l₁ a b)} 
      subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
           (trans (get-set l₁ a b) (cong (const b) s)))          ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                                                                                   (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
                                                                                      (trans _ eq))) $
                                                                    cong-const s 
      subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
           (trans (get-set l₁ a b) (refl _)))                    ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g (trans _ eq)) $
                                                                    trans-reflʳ _ 
      subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
           (get-set l₁ a b))                                     ≡⟨ subst-in-terms-of-trans-and-cong {x≡y = g}
                                                                      {fx≡gx = trans _ (get-set l₁ a b)} 
      trans (sym (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g))
        (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
                  (get-set l₁ a b))
           (cong (const b) g))                                   ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans (sym (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g))
                                                                                   (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
                                                                                             (get-set l₁ a b))
                                                                                      eq)) $
                                                                    cong-const g 
      trans (sym (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g))
        (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
                  (get-set l₁ a b))
           (refl _))                                             ≡⟨ cong (trans _) $
                                                                    trans-reflʳ _ 
      trans (sym (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g))
        (trans (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s))
           (get-set l₁ a b))                                     ≡⟨ sym $ trans-assoc _ _ (get-set l₁ a b) 

      trans (trans (sym (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g))
               (sym (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s)))
        (get-set l₁ a b)                                         ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans eq (get-set l₁ a b)) $ sym $
                                                                    sym-trans _ (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g) 
      trans (sym (trans (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s)
                    (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g)))
        (get-set l₁ a b)                                         ≡⟨⟩

      trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
        (get-set l₁ a b)                                         

    lemma₂ :
      (g : get l₁  get l₂) (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       a 
      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
           (set-get l₁ a)) 
      trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
        (set-get l₁ a)
    lemma₂ g s a =
      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
           (set-get l₁ a))                                       ≡⟨⟩

      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
           (set-get l₁ a))                                       ≡⟨ cong (subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g) $
                                                                    subst-in-terms-of-trans-and-cong {x≡y = s} {fx≡gx = set-get l₁ a} 
      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
           (trans (set-get l₁ a) (cong (const a) s)))            ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
                                                                                    (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
                                                                                       (trans _ eq))) $
                                                                    cong-const s 
      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
           (trans (set-get l₁ a) (refl _)))                      ≡⟨ cong  eq  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g (trans _ eq)) $
                                                                    trans-reflʳ _ 
      subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
        (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
           (set-get l₁ a))                                       ≡⟨ subst-in-terms-of-trans-and-cong {x≡y = g}
                                                                      {fx≡gx = trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s)) (set-get l₁ a)} 
      trans (sym (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g))
        (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
                  (set-get l₁ a))
           (cong (const a) g))                                   ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans (sym (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g))
                                                                                   (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
                                                                                             (set-get l₁ a))
                                                                                      eq)) $
                                                                    cong-const g 
      trans (sym (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g))
        (trans (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
                  (set-get l₁ a))
           (refl _))                                             ≡⟨ cong (trans _) $
                                                                    trans-reflʳ _ 
      trans (sym (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g))
        (trans (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s))
           (set-get l₁ a))                                       ≡⟨ sym $ trans-assoc _ _ (set-get l₁ a) 

      trans (trans (sym (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g))
               (sym (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s)))
        (set-get l₁ a)                                           ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans eq (set-get l₁ a)) $ sym $
                                                                    sym-trans _ (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g) 
      trans (sym (trans (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s)
                    (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g)))
        (set-get l₁ a)                                           ≡⟨⟩

      trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
        (set-get l₁ a)                                           

  -- And another one.

  equality-characterisation₃ :
    let open Lens in

    l₁  l₂
      
     λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
     λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
      (∀ a b 
         trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
           (get-set l₁ a b) 
         get-set l₂ a b) ×
      (∀ a 
         trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
           (set-get l₁ a) 
         set-get l₂ a) ×
      (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
         trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
         trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)
           (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))

  equality-characterisation₃ {l₁ = l₁} {l₂ = l₂} =
    l₁  l₂                                                          ↝⟨ equality-characterisation₂ 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       (∀ a b  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
                  (get-set l₁ a b) 
                get-set l₂ a b) ×
       (∀ a  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
                (set-get l₁ a) 
              set-get l₂ a) ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
          subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
            (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
          set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                                       ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ g  ∃-cong λ s  ∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _ 
                                                                         ∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b₁  ∀-cong ext λ b₂  ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                                         lemma g s a b₁ b₂) ⟩□
    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       (∀ a b  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
                  (get-set l₁ a b) 
                get-set l₂ a b) ×
       (∀ a  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
                (set-get l₁ a) 
              set-get l₂ a) ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
          trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
          trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)
            (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)))                                   
    where
    open Lens

    lemma :
      (g : get l₁  get l₂) (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       a b₁ b₂ 
      (subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
         (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
       set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂) 
      (trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
       trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)
         (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))
    lemma g s a b₁ b₂ =
      subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
        (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) 
      set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂                                        ≡⟨ cong (_≡ _) $
                                                                   subst-in-terms-of-trans-and-cong {x≡y = s} {fx≡gx = set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂} 
      trans (sym (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s))
        (trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂)
           (cong  set  set a b₂) s)) 
      set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂                                        ≡⟨ [trans≡]≡[≡trans-symˡ] _ _ _ 

      trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
      trans (sym (sym (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)))
        (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)                                    ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans _ (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
                                                                                trans eq (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)) $
                                                                   sym-sym (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s) 
      trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
      trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)
        (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)                                    

  -- And yet another one.

  equality-characterisation₄ :
    let open Lens in

    l₁  l₂
      
     λ (g :  a  get l₁ a  get l₂ a) 
     λ (s :  a b  set l₁ a b  set l₂ a b) 
      (∀ a b 
         trans (sym (trans (cong (get l₁) (s a b))
                       (g (set l₂ a b))))
           (get-set l₁ a b) 
         get-set l₂ a b) ×
      (∀ a 
         trans (sym (trans (s a (get l₁ a))
                       (cong (set l₂ a) (g a))))
           (set-get l₁ a) 
         set-get l₂ a) ×
      (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
         trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (s a b₂) 
         trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) (⟨ext⟩ (⟨ext⟩  s)))
           (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))

  equality-characterisation₄ {l₁ = l₁} {l₂ = l₂} =
    l₁  l₂                                                             ↝⟨ equality-characterisation₃ 

    ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
      λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
       (∀ a b  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g))
                  (get-set l₁ a b) 
                get-set l₂ a b) ×
       (∀ a  trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g))
                (set-get l₁ a) 
              set-get l₂ a) ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
          trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (cong  set  set a b₂) s) 
          trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) s)
            (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)))                                      ↝⟨ (Σ-cong (inverse $ Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) λ g 
                                                                            Σ-cong (inverse $
                                                                                    Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext F.∘
                                                                                    ∀-cong ext λ _  Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) λ s 
                                                                            (∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b 
                                                                             ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong  eq  trans (sym eq) (get-set l₁ a b)  _) (
        cong₂  set get  get (set a b)) s g                                  ≡⟨⟩

        trans (cong  set  get l₁ (set a b)) s)
          (cong  get  get (set l₂ a b)) g)                                  ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans eq (ext⁻¹ g (set l₂ a b))) $ sym $
                                                                                  cong-∘ _ _ s 
        trans (cong (get l₁  (_$ b)) (ext⁻¹ s a))
          (ext⁻¹ g (set l₂ a b))                                               ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans eq (ext⁻¹ g (set l₂ a b))) $ sym $
                                                                                  cong-∘ _ _ (ext⁻¹ s a) ⟩∎
        trans (cong (get l₁) (ext⁻¹ (ext⁻¹ s a) b))
          (ext⁻¹ g (set l₂ a b))                                               ))
                                                                              ×-cong
                                                                            (∀-cong ext λ a 
                                                                             ≡⇒↝ _ $ cong  eq  trans (sym eq) (set-get l₁ a)  _) (
        cong₂  set get  set a (get a)) s g                                  ≡⟨⟩

        trans (cong  set  set a (get l₁ a)) s)
          (cong  get  set l₂ a (get a)) g)                                  ≡⟨ sym $ cong₂ trans (cong-∘ _ _ s) (cong-∘ _ _ g) 

        trans (ext⁻¹ (ext⁻¹ s a) (get l₁ a))
          (cong (set l₂ a) (ext⁻¹ g a))                                        ))
                                                                              ×-cong
                                                                            ∀-cong ext λ a  ∀-cong ext λ b₁  ∀-cong ext λ b₂ 
                                                                             ≡⇒↝ _ $
                                                                             cong₂  p q  trans _ p 
                                                                                            trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) q)
                                                                                              (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)) (
        cong  set  set a b₂) s                                              ≡⟨ sym $ cong-∘ _ _ s ⟩∎

        ext⁻¹ (ext⁻¹ s a) b₂                                                   )
                                                                               (
        s                                                                      ≡⟨ sym $ _≃_.right-inverse-of
                                                                                          (Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) _ 
        ⟨ext⟩ (ext⁻¹ s)                                                        ≡⟨ (cong ⟨ext⟩ $ ⟨ext⟩ λ _  sym $
                                                                                   _≃_.right-inverse-of
                                                                                     (Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) _) ⟩∎
        ⟨ext⟩ (⟨ext⟩  ext⁻¹  ext⁻¹ s)                                        )) ⟩□

    ( λ (g :  a  get l₁ a  get l₂ a) 
      λ (s :  a b  set l₁ a b  set l₂ a b) 
       (∀ a b 
          trans (sym (trans (cong (get l₁) (s a b))
                        (g (set l₂ a b))))
            (get-set l₁ a b) 
          get-set l₂ a b) ×
       (∀ a 
          trans (sym (trans (s a (get l₁ a))
                        (cong (set l₂ a) (g a))))
            (set-get l₁ a) 
          set-get l₂ a) ×
       (∀ a b₁ b₂ 
          trans (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂) (s a b₂) 
          trans (cong  set  set (set a b₁) b₂) (⟨ext⟩ (⟨ext⟩  s)))
            (set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂)))                                      
    where
    open Lens

  -- A lemma that can be used to prove that two lenses with
  -- definitionally equal getters and setters are equal.

  equal-laws→≡ :
    {get : A  B} {set : A  B  A}
    {l₁′ l₂′ : (∀ a b  get (set a b)  b) ×
               (∀ a  set a (get a)  a) ×
               (∀ a b₁ b₂  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂)} 

    let l₁ = _↔_.from Lens-as-Σ (get , set , l₁′)
        l₂ = _↔_.from Lens-as-Σ (get , set , l₂′)
        open Lens
    in

    (∀ a b  get-set l₁ a b  get-set l₂ a b) 
    (∀ a  set-get l₁ a  set-get l₂ a) 
    (∀ a b₁ b₂  set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂) 
    l₁  l₂
  equal-laws→≡ {l₁′ = l₁′} {l₂′ = l₂′} hyp₁ hyp₂ hyp₃ =
    let l₁″ = _↔_.from Lens-as-Σ (_ , _ , l₁′)
        l₂″ = _↔_.from Lens-as-Σ (_ , _ , l₂′)
    in
    _↔_.from equality-characterisation₂
      ( refl _
      , refl _
      ,  a b 
           trans (sym (cong₂  set get  get (set a b))
                         (refl _) (refl _)))
             (get-set l₁″ a b)                            ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans (sym eq) _) $ cong₂-refl _ 

           trans (sym (refl _)) (get-set l₁″ a b)         ≡⟨ cong (flip trans _) sym-refl 

           trans (refl _) (get-set l₁″ a b)               ≡⟨ trans-reflˡ _ 

           get-set l₁″ a b                                ≡⟨ hyp₁ _ _ ⟩∎

           get-set l₂″ a b                                )
      ,  a 
           trans (sym (cong₂  set get  set a (get a))
                         (refl _) (refl _)))
             (set-get l₁″ a)                              ≡⟨ cong  eq  trans (sym eq) _) $ cong₂-refl _ 

           trans (sym (refl _)) (set-get l₁″ a)           ≡⟨ cong (flip trans _) sym-refl 

           trans (refl _) (set-get l₁″ a)                 ≡⟨ trans-reflˡ _ 

           set-get l₁″ a                                  ≡⟨ hyp₂ _ ⟩∎

           set-get l₂″ a                                  )
      ,  a b₁ b₂ 
           subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) (refl _)
             (set-set l₁″ a b₁ b₂)                                ≡⟨ subst-refl _ _ 

           set-set l₁″ a b₁ b₂                                    ≡⟨ hyp₃ _ _ _ ⟩∎

           set-set l₂″ a b₁ b₂                                    )
      )
    where
    open Lens

-- An equality characterisation lemma for lenses from sets.

equality-characterisation-for-sets :
  let open Lens in

  {l₁ l₂ : Lens A B} 

  Is-set A 

  l₁  l₂
    
  set l₁  set l₂
equality-characterisation-for-sets
  {A = A} {B = B} {l₁ = l₁} {l₂ = l₂} A-set =

  l₁  l₂                                                         ↝⟨ equality-characterisation₁ 

  ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
    λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b  subst  get  get (set l₂ a b)  b) g
                (subst  set  get l₁ (set a b)  b) s
                   (get-set l₁ a b))
                
              get-set l₂ a b)
       ×
     (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
              (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                 (set-get l₁ a))
              
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                    (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂)
                    
                  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                            ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  drop-⊤-left-Σ $ _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ a 
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                      +⇒≡ (B-set a)) 
  ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
    λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a  subst  get  set l₂ a (get a)  a) g
              (subst  set  set a (get l₁ a)  a) s
                 (set-get l₁ a))
              
            set-get l₂ a)
       ×
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                    (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂)
                    
                  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                            ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  ∃-cong λ _  drop-⊤-left-Σ $ _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                      +⇒≡ A-set) 
  ( λ (g : get l₁  get l₂) 
    λ (s : set l₁  set l₂) 
     (∀ a b₁ b₂  subst  set  set (set a b₁) b₂  set a b₂) s
                    (set-set l₁ a b₁ b₂)
                    
                  set-set l₂ a b₁ b₂))                            ↝⟨ (∃-cong λ _  drop-⊤-right λ _  _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                      Π-closure ext 0 λ _ 
                                                                      +⇒≡ A-set) 

  get l₁  get l₂ × set l₁  set l₂                               ↝⟨ (drop-⊤-left-× λ setters-equal  _⇔_.to contractible⇔↔⊤ $
                                                                      propositional⇒inhabited⇒contractible
                                                                        (Π-closure ext 2 λ a 
                                                                         B-set a)
                                                                        (getters-equal-if-setters-equal l₁ l₂ setters-equal)) ⟩□
  set l₁  set l₂                                                 
  where
  open Lens

  B-set : A  Is-set B
  B-set a = h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited 2 l₁ a A-set

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- More isomorphisms/equivalences related to lenses

-- Lens ⊤ B is equivalent to Contractible B.

lens-from-⊤≃codomain-contractible :
  Lens  B  Contractible B
lens-from-⊤≃codomain-contractible = Eq.⇔→≃
  (lens-preserves-h-level-of-domain 0 (mono₁ 0 ⊤-contractible))
  (H-level-propositional ext 0)
   l  contractible-to-contractible l ⊤-contractible)
   (b , irrB)  record
     { get     = λ _  b
     ; get-set = λ _  irrB
     ; set-get = refl
     ; set-set = λ _ _ _  refl _
     })

-- Lens ⊥ B is equivalent to the unit type.

lens-from-⊥≃⊤ : Lens ( { = a}) B  
lens-from-⊥≃⊤ = Eq.⇔→≃
  (lens-preserves-h-level-of-domain 0 ⊥-propositional)
  (mono₁ 0 ⊤-contractible)
  _
   _  record
     { get = ⊥-elim
     ; set = ⊥-elim
     ; get-set = λ a  ⊥-elim a
     ; set-get = λ a  ⊥-elim a
     ; set-set = λ a  ⊥-elim a
     })

-- If A is a set and there is a lens from A to B, then A is equivalent
-- to the cartesian product of some type (that can be expressed using
-- the setter of l) and B.
--
-- This result is based on Theorem 2.3.9 from "Lenses and View Update
-- Translation" by Pierce and Schmitt.
--
-- See also Lens.Non-dependent.Traditional.Combinators.≄Σ∥set⁻¹∥×.

≃Σ∥set⁻¹∥× :
  Is-set A 
  (l : Lens A B) 
  A  (( λ (f : B  A)   Lens.set l ⁻¹ f ) × B)
≃Σ∥set⁻¹∥× {A = A} {B = B} A-set l = Eq.↔→≃
   a  (set a ,  a , refl _ ) , get a)
   ((f , _) , b)  f b)
   ((f , p) , b) 
     flip (Trunc.rec (×-closure 2
                        (Σ-closure 2
                           (Π-closure ext 2 λ _  A-set) λ _ 
                           mono₁ 1 Trunc.truncation-is-proposition)
                        (B-set (f b))))
       p λ (a , q) 
     let
       lemma₁ =
         set (f b)      ≡⟨ cong  f  set (f b)) $ sym q 
         set (set a b)  ≡⟨ ⟨ext⟩ $ set-set a b 
         set a          ≡⟨ q ⟩∎
         f              

       lemma₂ =
         get (f b)      ≡⟨ cong  f  get (f b)) $ sym q 
         get (set a b)  ≡⟨ get-set _ _ ⟩∎
         b              
     in
     (set (f b) ,  f b , refl _ ) , get (f b)  ≡⟨ cong₂ _,_ (Σ-≡,≡→≡ lemma₁ (Trunc.truncation-is-proposition _ _)) lemma₂ ⟩∎
     (f         , p               ) , b          )
   a 
     set a (get a)  ≡⟨ set-get a ⟩∎
     a              )
  where
  open Lens l

  B-set : A  Is-set B
  B-set a =
    h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited 2 l a A-set

-- If B is an inhabited set and there is a lens from A to B, then A is
-- equivalent to the cartesian product of some type (that can be
-- expressed using the getter of l) and B.
--
-- This result is based on Corollary 13 from "Algebras and Update
-- Strategies" by Johnson, Rosebrugh and Wood.

≃get⁻¹× :
  Is-set B 
  (b : B)
  (l : Lens A B) 
  A  (Lens.get l ⁻¹ b × B)
≃get⁻¹× {B = B} {A = A} B-set b₀ l = Eq.↔→≃
   a  (set a b₀ , get-set a b₀) , get a)
   ((a , _) , b)  set a b)
   ((a , h) , b) 
     let
       lemma =
         set (set a b) b₀  ≡⟨ set-set a b b₀ 
         set a b₀          ≡⟨ cong (set a) (sym h) 
         set a (get a)     ≡⟨ set-get a ⟩∎
         a                 
     in
     (set (set a b) b₀ , get-set (set a b) b₀) , get (set a b)  ≡⟨ cong₂ _,_ (Σ-≡,≡→≡ lemma (B-set _ _)) (get-set a b) ⟩∎
     (a                , h                   ) , b              )
   a 
     set (set a b₀) (get a)  ≡⟨ set-set a b₀ (get a) 
     set a (get a)           ≡⟨ set-get a ⟩∎
     a                       )
  where
  open Lens l

-- For somewhat coherent lenses the previous result can be proved
-- without the assumption that the codomain is a set.

≃get⁻¹×-coherent :
  (b : B)
  (l : Coherent-lens A B) 
  A  (Coherent-lens.get l ⁻¹ b × B)
≃get⁻¹×-coherent {B = B} {A = A} b₀ l = Eq.↔→≃
   a  (set a b₀ , get-set a b₀) , get a)
   ((a , _) , b)  set a b)
   ((a , h) , b) 
     let
       lemma₁ =
         set (set a b) b₀  ≡⟨ set-set a b b₀ 
         set a b₀          ≡⟨ cong (set a) (sym h) 
         set a (get a)     ≡⟨ set-get a ⟩∎
         a                 

       lemma₂₁ =
         cong get (trans (set-set a b b₀)
                     (trans (cong (set a) (sym h))
                        (set-get a)))               ≡⟨ trans (cong-trans _ _ _) $
                                                       cong (trans _) $
                                                       trans (cong-trans _ _ _) $
                                                       cong (flip trans _) $
                                                       cong-∘ _ _ _ 
         trans (cong get (set-set a b b₀))
           (trans (cong (get  set a) (sym h))
              (cong get (set-get a)))               ≡⟨ cong₂  p q  trans p (trans (cong (get  set a) (sym h)) q))
                                                         (get-set-set _ _ _)
                                                         (get-set-get _) ⟩∎
         trans (trans (get-set (set a b) b₀)
                  (sym (get-set a b₀)))
           (trans (cong (get  set a) (sym h))
              (get-set a (get a)))                  

       lemma₂₂ =
         sym (trans (trans (get-set (set a b) b₀)
                       (sym (get-set a b₀)))
                (trans (cong (get  set a) (sym h))
                   (get-set a (get a))))               ≡⟨ trans (sym-trans _ _) $
                                                          cong₂ trans
                                                            (sym-trans _ _)
                                                            (sym-trans _ _) 
         trans (trans (sym (get-set a (get a)))
                  (sym (cong (get  set a) (sym h))))
           (trans (sym (sym (get-set a b₀)))
              (sym (get-set (set a b) b₀)))            ≡⟨ cong₂  p q  trans (trans (sym (get-set a (get a))) p)
                                                                           (trans q (sym (get-set (set a b) b₀))))
                                                            (trans (cong sym $ cong-sym _ _) $
                                                             sym-sym _)
                                                            (sym-sym _) 
         trans (trans (sym (get-set a (get a)))
                  (cong (get  set a) h))
           (trans (get-set a b₀)
              (sym (get-set (set a b) b₀)))            ≡⟨ trans (sym $ trans-assoc _ _ _) $
                                                          cong (flip trans _) $ trans-assoc _ _ _ ⟩∎
         trans (trans (sym (get-set a (get a)))
                  (trans (cong (get  set a) h)
                     (get-set a b₀)))
           (sym (get-set (set a b) b₀))                

       lemma₂ =
         subst  a  get a  b₀)
           (trans (set-set a b b₀)
              (trans (cong (set a) (sym h)) (set-get a)))
           (get-set (set a b) b₀)                            ≡⟨ subst-∘ _ _ _ 

         subst (_≡ b₀)
           (cong get (trans (set-set a b b₀)
                        (trans (cong (set a) (sym h))
                           (set-get a))))
           (get-set (set a b) b₀)                            ≡⟨ subst-trans-sym 

         trans
           (sym (cong get (trans (set-set a b b₀)
                             (trans (cong (set a) (sym h))
                                (set-get a)))))
           (get-set (set a b) b₀)                            ≡⟨ cong (flip (trans  sym) _) lemma₂₁ 

         trans
           (sym (trans (trans (get-set (set a b) b₀)
                          (sym (get-set a b₀)))
                   (trans (cong (get  set a) (sym h))
                      (get-set a (get a)))))
           (get-set (set a b) b₀)                            ≡⟨ cong (flip trans _) lemma₂₂ 

         trans
           (trans (trans (sym (get-set a (get a)))
                     (trans (cong (get  set a) h)
                        (get-set a b₀)))
              (sym (get-set (set a b) b₀)))
           (get-set (set a b) b₀)                            ≡⟨ trans-[trans-sym]- _ _ 

         trans (sym (get-set a (get a)))
           (trans (cong (get  set a) h)
              (get-set a b₀))                                ≡⟨ cong  f  trans (sym (f (get a))) (trans (cong (get  set a) h) (f b₀))) $ sym $
                                                                _≃_.left-inverse-of (Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext) (get-set a) 
         trans (sym (ext⁻¹ (⟨ext⟩ (get-set a)) (get a)))
           (trans (cong (get  set a) h)
              (ext⁻¹ (⟨ext⟩ (get-set a)) b₀))                ≡⟨ elim₁
                                                                   {f} eq 
                                                                     trans (sym (ext⁻¹ eq (get a)))
                                                                       (trans (cong f h) (ext⁻¹ eq b₀)) 
                                                                       h)
                                                                  (
             trans (sym (ext⁻¹ (refl id) (get a)))
               (trans (cong id h) (ext⁻¹ (refl id) b₀))            ≡⟨ cong₂  p q  trans p (trans (cong id h) q))
                                                                        (trans (cong sym (ext⁻¹-refl _)) sym-refl)
                                                                        (ext⁻¹-refl _) 

             trans (refl _) (trans (cong id h) (refl _))           ≡⟨ trans-reflˡ _ 

             trans (cong id h) (refl _)                            ≡⟨ trans-reflʳ _ 

             cong id h                                             ≡⟨ sym $ cong-id _ ⟩∎

             h                                                     )
                                                                  _ ⟩∎
         h                                                   
     in
     ((set (set a b) b₀ , get-set (set a b) b₀) , get (set a b))  ≡⟨ cong₂ _,_ (Σ-≡,≡→≡ lemma₁ lemma₂) (get-set a b) ⟩∎
     ((a                , h                   ) , b            )  )
   a 
     set (set a b₀) (get a)  ≡⟨ set-set a b₀ (get a) 
     set a (get a)           ≡⟨ set-get a ⟩∎
     a                       )
  where
  open Coherent-lens l

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- A conversion function

-- If A is a set, then Lens A B is equivalent to Coherent-lens A B.

≃coherent : Is-set A  Lens A B  Coherent-lens A B
≃coherent {A = A} {B = B} A-set = Eq.↔→≃
  to
  Coherent-lens.lens
   l  let l′ = Coherent-lens.lens l in
                          $⟨ ×-closure 1
                               (Π-closure ext 1 λ a 
                                mono₁ 2 (B-set l′ a))
                               (Π-closure ext 1 λ a 
                                Π-closure ext 1 λ _ 
                                Π-closure ext 1 λ _ 
                                mono₁ 2 (B-set l′ a)) 
     Is-proposition _     ↝⟨  p  cong (l′ ,_) (p _ _))  (_  _) 
     (l′ , _)  (l′ , _)  ↔⟨ Eq.≃-≡ Coherent-lens-as-Σ ⟩□
     to l′  l            )
  refl
  where
  B-set : Lens A B  A  Is-set B
  B-set l a =
    h-level-respects-lens-from-inhabited 2 l a A-set

  to : Lens A B  Coherent-lens A B
  to l = record
    { lens        = l
    ; get-set-get = λ a  B-set l a _ _
    ; get-set-set = λ a _ _  B-set l a _ _
    }

-- The conversion preserves getters and setters.

≃coherent-preserves-getters-and-setters :
  {A : Type a}
  (s : Is-set A) 
  Preserves-getters-and-setters-⇔ A B
    (_≃_.logical-equivalence (≃coherent s))
≃coherent-preserves-getters-and-setters _ =
     _  refl _ , refl _)
  ,  _  refl _ , refl _)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some existence results

-- There is, in general, no lens for the first projection from a
-- Σ-type.

no-first-projection-lens :
  ¬ Lens ( λ (b : Bool)  b  true) Bool
no-first-projection-lens =
  Non-dependent.no-first-projection-lens
    Lens contractible-to-contractible

-- A variant of the previous result: If A is merely inhabited, and one
-- can "project" out a boolean from a value of type A, but this
-- boolean is necessarily true, then there is no lens corresponding to
-- this projection.

no-singleton-projection-lens :
   A  
  (bool : A  Bool) 
  (∀ x  bool x  true) 
  ¬  λ (l : Lens A Bool) 
       x  Lens.get l x  bool x
no-singleton-projection-lens =
  Non-dependent.no-singleton-projection-lens _ _ Lens.get-set

-- There are two lenses with equal setters that are not equal
-- (assuming univalence).
--
-- (The lemma does not actually use the univalence argument, but
-- univalence is used by Circle.not-refl≢refl.)

equal-setters-but-not-equal :
  Univalence lzero 
   λ (A : Type) 
   λ (B : Type) 
   λ (l₁ : Lens A B) 
   λ (l₂ : Lens A B) 
    Lens.set l₁  Lens.set l₂ ×
    l₁  l₂
equal-setters-but-not-equal _ =
  𝕊¹ ,  , l₁′ , l₂′ , refl _ , l₁′≢l₂′
  where
  open Lens

  lemma : Lens 𝕊¹   ((x : 𝕊¹)  x  x)
  lemma =
    Lens 𝕊¹                       ↔⟨ lens-to-proposition↔ (mono₁ 0 ⊤-contractible) 
    (𝕊¹  ) × ((x : 𝕊¹)  x  x)  ↔⟨ (drop-⊤-left-× λ _  →-right-zero) ⟩□
    ((x : 𝕊¹)  x  x)             

  l₁′ : Lens 𝕊¹ 
  l₁′ = _≃_.from lemma Circle.not-refl

  l₂′ : Lens 𝕊¹ 
  l₂′ = _≃_.from lemma refl

  set-l₁′≡set-l₂′ : set l₁′  set l₂′
  set-l₁′≡set-l₂′ = refl _

  l₁′≢l₂′ : l₁′  l₂′
  l₁′≢l₂′ =
    l₁′  l₂′               ↔⟨ Eq.≃-≡ (inverse lemma) {x = Circle.not-refl} {y = refl} 
    Circle.not-refl  refl  ↝⟨ Circle.not-refl≢refl ⟩□
                           

-- A lens which is used in some counterexamples below.

bad : (a : Level)  Lens ( a 𝕊¹) ( a 𝕊¹)
bad a = record
  { get     = id
  ; set     = const id
  ; get-set = λ _  cong lift  Circle.not-refl  lower
  ; set-get = refl
  ; set-set = λ _ _  cong lift  Circle.not-refl  lower
  }

-- The lens bad a has a getter which is an equivalence, but it does
-- not satisfy either of the coherence laws that Coherent-lens lenses
-- must satisfy (assuming univalence).
--
-- (The lemma does not actually use the univalence argument, but
-- univalence is used by Circle.not-refl≢refl.)

getter-equivalence-but-not-coherent :
  Univalence lzero 
  let open Lens (bad a) in
  Is-equivalence get ×
  ¬ (∀ a  cong get (set-get a)  get-set a (get a)) ×
  ¬ (∀ a₁ a₂ a₃ 
     cong get (set-set a₁ a₂ a₃) 
     trans (get-set (set a₁ a₂) a₃) (sym (get-set a₁ a₃)))
getter-equivalence-but-not-coherent {a = a} _ =
    _≃_.is-equivalence F.id
  , (((x :  a 𝕊¹)  cong get (set-get x)  get-set x (get x))        ↔⟨⟩

     ((x :  a 𝕊¹) 
      cong id (refl _)  cong lift (Circle.not-refl (lower x)))       ↔⟨ (Π-cong ext Bij.↑↔ λ _  Eq.id) 

     ((x : 𝕊¹)  cong id (refl _)  cong lift (Circle.not-refl x))    ↝⟨ trans (trans (cong-refl _) (cong-id _)) ∘_ 

     ((x : 𝕊¹)  cong lift (refl x)  cong lift (Circle.not-refl x))  ↔⟨ (∀-cong ext λ _ 
                                                                          Eq.≃-≡ $ inverse $ Eq.≃-≡ $ Eq.↔⇒≃ $ inverse Bij.↑↔) 

     ((x : 𝕊¹)  refl x  Circle.not-refl x)                          ↔⟨ Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext 

     refl  Circle.not-refl                                           ↝⟨ Circle.not-refl≢refl  sym ⟩□

                                                                     )
  , (((x y z :  a 𝕊¹) 
      cong get (set-set x y z) 
      trans (get-set (set x y) z) (sym (get-set x z)))     ↔⟨⟩

     ((x y z :  a 𝕊¹) 
      cong id (cong lift (Circle.not-refl (lower z))) 
      trans (cong lift (Circle.not-refl (lower z)))
        (sym (cong lift (Circle.not-refl (lower z)))))     ↔⟨ (Π-cong ext Bij.↑↔ λ _ 
                                                               Π-cong ext Bij.↑↔ λ _ 
                                                               Π-cong ext Bij.↑↔ λ _ 
                                                               Eq.id) 
     ((x y z : 𝕊¹) 
      cong id (cong lift (Circle.not-refl z)) 
      trans (cong lift (Circle.not-refl z))
        (sym (cong lift (Circle.not-refl z))))             ↝⟨  hyp  hyp Circle.base Circle.base) 

     ((x : 𝕊¹) 
      cong id (cong lift (Circle.not-refl x)) 
      trans (cong lift (Circle.not-refl x))
        (sym (cong lift (Circle.not-refl x))))             ↔⟨ (∀-cong ext λ _  ≡⇒≃ $ cong₂ _≡_
                                                                 (sym $ cong-id _)
                                                                 (trans (trans-symʳ _) $
                                                                  sym $ cong-refl _)) 
     ((x : 𝕊¹) 
      cong lift (Circle.not-refl x)  cong lift (refl x))  ↔⟨ (∀-cong ext λ _ 
                                                               Eq.≃-≡ $ inverse $ Eq.≃-≡ $ Eq.↔⇒≃ $ inverse Bij.↑↔) 

     ((x : 𝕊¹)  Circle.not-refl x  refl x)               ↔⟨ Eq.extensionality-isomorphism ext 

     Circle.not-refl  refl                                ↝⟨ Circle.not-refl≢refl ⟩□

                                                          )
  where
  open Lens (bad a)