GF Resource Grammar Library: Synopsis

B. Bringert and A. Ranta

Introduction
Categories
- A hierarchic view
- Explanations
Syntax Rules and Structural Words
Lexical Paradigms
Browsing the libraries with GF commands
An Example of Usage

Introduction

This document contains the most important parts of the GF Resource Grammar API. It has been machine-generated from the source files; each chapter gives a link to the relevant source files, which give more information. Some of the files have not yet been prepared so that the machine generated documentation has the right format.

Since the character encoding is UTF-8 for Russian and Latin-1 for other languages, you may have to change the encoding preference of your browser when reading different parts of the document.

The second-last chapter gives instructions on how to "browse" the library by loading the grammars into the gf command editor.

New: Browsing by syntax editor directly on the web.

The last chapter contains a brief example of how application grammars can import resource modules. At the same time, it illustrates a "design pattern" for using the resource API to build functor-based applications

Category	Explanation	Example
A	one-place adjective	warm
A2	two-place adjective	divisible
AP	adjectival phrase	very warm
AdA	adjective-modifying adverb	very
AdN	numeral-modifying adverb	more than
AdV	adverb directly attached to verb	always
Adv	verb-phrase-modifying adverb	in the house
Ant	anteriority	simultaneous, anterior
CAdv	comparative adverb	more
CN	common noun (without determiner)	red house
Cl	declarative clause, with all tenses	she looks at this
Comp	complement of copula, such as AP	very warm
Conj	conjunction	and
DConj	distributed conjunction	both - and
Det	determiner phrase	those seven
Digits	cardinal or ordinal in digits	1,000/1,000th
IAdv	interrogative adverb	why
IComp	interrogative complement of copula	where
IDet	interrogative determiner	which
IP	interrogative pronoun	who
Imp	imperative	look at this
N	common noun	house
N2	relational noun	son
N3	three-place relational noun	connection
NP	noun phrase (subject or object)	the red house
Num	cardinal number (used with QuantPl)	seven
Numeral	cardinal or ordinal in words	five/fifth
Ord	ordinal number (used in Det)	seventh
PConj	phrase-beginning conjunction	therefore
PN	proper name	Paris
Phr	phrase in a text	but be quiet please
Pol	polarity	positive, negative
Predet	predeterminer (prefixed Quant)	all
Prep	preposition, or just case	in
Pron	personal pronoun	she
QCl	question clause, with all tenses	why does she walk
QS	question	where did she live
Quant	quantifier ('nucleus' of Det)	this/these
RCl	relative clause, with all tenses	in which she lives
RP	relative pronoun	in which
RS	relative	in which she lived
S	declarative sentence	she lived here
SC	embedded sentence or question	that it rains
Slash	clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)	she looks at
Subj	subjunction	if
Tense	tense	present, past, future
Text	text consisting of several phrases	He is here. Why?
Utt	sentence, question, word...	be quiet
V	one-place verb	sleep
V2	two-place verb	love
V2A	verb with NP and AP complement	paint
V3	three-place verb	show
VA	adjective-complement verb	look
VP	verb phrase	is very warm
VQ	question-complement verb	ask
VS	sentence-complement verb	claim
VV	verb-phrase-complement verb	want
Voc	vocative or "please"	my darling

Syntax Rules and Structural Words

Source 1: http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/api/Constructors.gf

Source 2: http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf

A - one-place adjective

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

A2 - two-place adjective

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

AP - adjectival phrase

Function	Type	Example
`mkAP`	A `->` AP	old
`mkAP`	A `->` NP `->` AP	older than John
`mkAP`	A2 `->` NP `->` AP	married to her
`mkAP`	A2 `->` AP	married to myself
`mkAP`	AP `->` S `->` AP	probable that John walks
`mkAP`	AP `->` QS `->` AP	uncertain if John walks
`mkAP`	AP `->` VP `->` AP	ready to go
`mkAP`	AdA `->` A `->` AP	very old
`mkAP`	AdA `->` AP `->` AP	very very old
`mkAP`	Conj `->` AP `->` AP `->` AP	old and big
`mkAP`	Conj `->` ListAP `->` AP	old, big, and warm
`mkAP`	DConj `->` AP `->` AP `->` AP	either old or big
`mkAP`	DConj `->` ListAP `->` AP	either old, big, or warm

AdA - adjective-modifying adverb

Function	Type	Example
`almost_AdA`	AdA	-
`quite_Adv`	AdA	-
`so_AdA`	AdA	-
`too_AdA`	AdA	-
`very_AdA`	AdA	-

AdN - numeral-modifying adverb

Function	Type	Example
`almost_AdN`	AdN	-
`mkAdN`	CAdv `->` AdN	more than

AdV - adverb directly attached to verb

Function	Type	Example
`always_AdV`	AdV	-

Adv - verb-phrase-modifying adverb

Function	Type	Example
`everywhere_Adv`	Adv	-
`here7from_Adv`	Adv	-
`here7to_Adv`	Adv	-
`here_Adv`	Adv	-
`mkAdv`	A `->` Adv	warmly
`mkAdv`	Prep `->` NP `->` Adv	with John
`mkAdv`	Subj `->` S `->` Adv	when John walks
`mkAdv`	CAdv `->` A `->` NP `->` Adv	more warmly than John
`mkAdv`	CAdv `->` A `->` S `->` Adv	more warmly than John walks
`mkAdv`	AdA `->` Adv `->` Adv	very warmly
`mkAdv`	Conj `->` Adv `->` Adv `->` Adv	here and now
`mkAdv`	Conj `->` ListAdv `->` Adv	with John, here and now
`mkAdv`	DConj `->` Adv `->` Adv `->` Adv	either here or now
`mkAdv`	DConj `->` ListAdv `->` Adv	either here, now, or with John
`somewhere_Adv`	Adv	-
`there7from_Adv`	Adv	-
`there7to_Adv`	Adv	-
`there_Adv`	Adv	-

Ant - anteriority

Function	Type	Example
`anteriorAnt`	Ant	(John has walked) --# notpresent
`simultaneousAnt`	Ant	(John walks) [default]

CAdv - comparative adverb

Function	Type	Example
`less_CAdv`	CAdv	-
`more_CAdv`	CAdv	-

CN - common noun (without determiner)

Function	Type	Example
`mkCN`	N `->` CN	house
`mkCN`	N2 `->` NP `->` CN	mother of John
`mkCN`	N3 `->` NP `->` NP `->` CN	distance from this city to Paris
`mkCN`	N2 `->` CN	son
`mkCN`	N3 `->` CN	flight
`mkCN`	A `->` N `->` CN	big house
`mkCN`	A `->` CN `->` CN	big blue house
`mkCN`	AP `->` N `->` CN	very big house
`mkCN`	AP `->` CN `->` CN	very big blue house
`mkCN`	N `->` RS `->` CN	house that John loves
`mkCN`	CN `->` RS `->` CN	big house that John loves
`mkCN`	N `->` Adv `->` CN	house in the city
`mkCN`	CN `->` Adv `->` CN	big house in the city
`mkCN`	CN `->` S `->` CN	rule that John walks
`mkCN`	CN `->` QS `->` CN	question if John walks
`mkCN`	CN `->` VP `->` CN	reason to walk
`mkCN`	N `->` NP `->` CN	king John
`mkCN`	CN `->` NP `->` CN	old king John

Cl - declarative clause, with all tenses

Function	Type	Example
`genericCl`	VP `->` Cl	one walks
`mkCl`	NP `->` V `->` Cl	John walks
`mkCl`	NP `->` V2 `->` NP `->` Cl	John loves her
`mkCl`	NP `->` V3 `->` NP `->` NP `->` Cl	John sends it to her
`mkCl`	NP `->` VV `->` VP `->` Cl	John wants to walk
`mkCl`	NP `->` VS `->` S `->` Cl	John says that it is good
`mkCl`	NP `->` VQ `->` QS `->` Cl	John wonders if it is good
`mkCl`	NP `->` VA `->` AP `->` Cl	John becomes old
`mkCl`	NP `->` V2A `->` NP `->` AP `->` Cl	John paints it red
`mkCl`	NP `->` A `->` Cl	John is old
`mkCl`	NP `->` A `->` NP `->` Cl	John is older than her
`mkCl`	NP `->` A2 `->` NP `->` Cl	John is married to her
`mkCl`	NP `->` AP `->` Cl	John is very old
`mkCl`	NP `->` N `->` Cl	John is a man
`mkCl`	NP `->` CN `->` Cl	John is an old man
`mkCl`	NP `->` NP `->` Cl	John is the man
`mkCl`	NP `->` Adv `->` Cl	John is here
`mkCl`	NP `->` VP `->` Cl	John walks here
`mkCl`	V `->` Cl	it rains
`mkCl`	VP `->` Cl	it is raining
`mkCl`	N `->` Cl	there is a house
`mkCl`	CN `->` Cl	there is an old houses
`mkCl`	NP `->` Cl	there are five houses
`mkCl`	NP `->` RS `->` Cl	it is John that walks
`mkCl`	Adv `->` S `->` Cl	it is here John walks

Comp - complement of copula, such as AP

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

Conj - conjunction

Function	Type	Example
`and_Conj`	Conj	-
`or_Conj`	Conj	-

DConj - distributed conjunction

Function	Type	Example
`both7and_DConj`	DConj	-
`either7or_DConj`	DConj	-

Det - determiner phrase

Function	Type	Example
`defPlDet`	Det	the (houses)
`defSgDet`	Det	the (house)
`every_Det`	Det	-
`few_Det`	Det	-
`indefPlDet`	Det	(houses)
`indefSgDet`	Det	a (house)
`many_Det`	Det	-
`mkDet`	QuantSg `->` Det	this
`mkDet`	QuantSg `->` (Ord) `->` Det	this first
`mkDet`	QuantPl `->` Det	these
`mkDet`	QuantPl `->` (Num) `->` (Ord) `->` Det	these five best
`mkDet`	Quant `->` Det	this
`mkDet`	Quant `->` Num `->` Det	these five
`mkDet`	Num `->` Det	almost twenty
`mkDet`	Numeral `->` Det	five
`mkDet`	Digits `->` Det	51
`mkDet`	Pron `->` Det	my
`much_Det`	Det	-
`somePl_Det`	Det	-
`someSg_Det`	Det	-

Digits - cardinal or ordinal in digits

Function	Type	Example
`n1000_Digits`	Digits	1,000
`n100_Digits`	Digits	100
`n10_Digits`	Digits	10
`n1_Digits`	Digits	1
`n20_Digits`	Digits	20
`n2_Digits`	Digits	2
`n3_Digits`	Digits	3
`n4_Digits`	Digits	4
`n5_Digits`	Digits	5
`n6_Digits`	Digits	6
`n7_Digits`	Digits	7
`n8_Digits`	Digits	8
`n9_Digits`	Digits	9

IAdv - interrogative adverb

Function	Type	Example
`how_IAdv`	IAdv	-
`mkIAdv`	Prep `->` IP `->` IAdv	in which city
`when_IAdv`	IAdv	-
`where_IAdv`	IAdv	-
`why_IAdv`	IAdv	-

IComp - interrogative complement of copula

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

IDet - interrogative determiner

Function	Type	Example
`how8many_IDet`	IDet	-
`whichPl_IDet`	IDet	-
`whichSg_IDet`	IDet	-

IP - interrogative pronoun

Function	Type	Example
`mkIP`	IDet `->` N `->` IP	which city
`mkIP`	IDet `->` (Num) `->` (Ord) `->` CN `->` IP	which five best cities
`mkIP`	IP `->` Adv `->` IP	who in Paris
`whatPl_IP`	IP	-
`whatSg_IP`	IP	-
`whoPl_IP`	IP	-
`whoSg_IP`	IP	-

Imp - imperative

Function	Type	Example
`mkImp`	V `->` Imp	go
`mkImp`	V2 `->` NP `->` Imp	take it
`mkImp`	VP `->` Imp	go there now

ImpForm

Function	Type	Example
`pluralImpForm`	ImpForm	(help yourselves)
`politeImpForm`	ImpForm	(help yourself) (polite singular)
`singularImpForm`	ImpForm	(help yourself) [default]

ListAP

Function	Type	Example
`mkListAP`	AP `->` AP `->` ListAP	old, big
`mkListAP`	AP `->` ListAP `->` ListAP	old, big, warm

ListAdv

Function	Type	Example
`mkListAdv`	Adv `->` Adv `->` ListAdv	here, now
`mkListAdv`	Adv `->` ListAdv `->` ListAdv	to me, here, now

ListNP

Function	Type	Example
`mkListNP`	NP `->` NP `->` ListNP	John, I
`mkListNP`	NP `->` ListNP `->` ListNP	John, I, that

ListS

Function	Type	Example
`mkListS`	S `->` S `->` ListS	he walks, I run
`mkListS`	S `->` ListS `->` ListS	John walks, I run, you sleep

N - common noun

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

N2 - relational noun

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

N3 - three-place relational noun

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

NP - noun phrase (subject or object)

Function	Type	Example
`everybody_NP`	NP	-
`everything_NP`	NP	-
`mkNP`	Det `->` N `->` NP	the first man
`mkNP`	Det `->` CN `->` NP	the first old man
`mkNP`	QuantSg `->` N `->` NP	this man
`mkNP`	QuantSg `->` CN `->` NP	this old man
`mkNP`	QuantPl `->` N `->` NP	these men
`mkNP`	QuantPl `->` CN `->` NP	these old men
`mkNP`	Numeral `->` N `->` NP	twenty men
`mkNP`	Numeral `->` CN `->` NP	twenty old men
`mkNP`	Digits `->` N `->` NP	45 men
`mkNP`	Digits `->` CN `->` NP	45 old men
`mkNP`	Num `->` N `->` NP	almost twenty men
`mkNP`	Num `->` CN `->` NP	almost twenty old men
`mkNP`	Pron `->` N `->` NP	my man
`mkNP`	Pron `->` CN `->` NP	my old man
`mkNP`	PN `->` NP	John
`mkNP`	Pron `->` NP	he
`mkNP`	Predet `->` NP `->` NP	only John
`mkNP`	NP `->` V2 `->` NP	John killed
`mkNP`	NP `->` Adv `->` NP	John in Paris
`mkNP`	Conj `->` NP `->` NP `->` NP	John and I
`mkNP`	Conj `->` ListNP `->` NP	John, I, and that
`mkNP`	DConj `->` NP `->` NP `->` NP	either John or I
`mkNP`	DConj `->` ListNP `->` NP	either John, I, or that
`somebody_NP`	NP	-
`something_NP`	NP	-
`that_NP`	NP	-
`these_NP`	NP	-
`this_NP`	NP	-
`those_NP`	NP	-

Num - cardinal number (used with QuantPl)

Function	Type	Example
`mkNum`	Numeral `->` Num	twenty
`mkNum`	Digits `->` Num	51
`mkNum`	AdN `->` Num `->` Num	almost ten

Numeral - cardinal or ordinal in words

Function	Type	Example
`n1000_Numeral`	Numeral	thousand
`n100_Numeral`	Numeral	hundred
`n10_Numeral`	Numeral	ten
`n1_Numeral`	Numeral	one
`n20_Numeral`	Numeral	twenty
`n2_Numeral`	Numeral	two
`n3_Numeral`	Numeral	three
`n4_Numeral`	Numeral	four
`n5_Numeral`	Numeral	five
`n6_Numeral`	Numeral	six
`n7_Numeral`	Numeral	seven
`n8_Numeral`	Numeral	eight
`n9_Numeral`	Numeral	nine

Ord - ordinal number (used in Det)

Function	Type	Example
`mkOrd`	Numeral `->` Ord	twentieth
`mkOrd`	Digits `->` Ord	51st
`mkOrd`	A `->` Ord	best

PConj - phrase-beginning conjunction

Function	Type	Example
`but_PConj`	PConj	-
`mkPConj`	Conj `->` PConj	and
`otherwise_PConj`	PConj	-
`therefore_PConj`	PConj	-

PN - proper name

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

Phr - phrase in a text

Function	Type	Example
`mkPhr`	Utt `->` Phr	why
`mkPhr`	(PConj) `->` Utt `->` (Voc) `->` Phr	but why John
`mkPhr`	S `->` Phr	John walked
`mkPhr`	Cl `->` Phr	John walks
`mkPhr`	QS `->` Phr	did John walk
`mkPhr`	Imp `->` Phr	walk
`no_Phr`	Phr	-
`yes_Phr`	Phr	-

Pol - polarity

Function	Type	Example
`negativePol`	Pol	(John doesn't walk)
`positivePol`	Pol	(John walks) [default]

Predet - predeterminer (prefixed Quant)

Function	Type	Example
`all_Predet`	Predet	-
`most_Predet`	Predet	-
`only_Predet`	Predet	-

Prep - preposition, or just case

Function	Type	Example
`above_Prep`	Prep	-
`after_Prep`	Prep	-
`before_Prep`	Prep	-
`behind_Prep`	Prep	-
`between_Prep`	Prep	-
`by8agent_Prep`	Prep	-
`by8means_Prep`	Prep	-
`during_Prep`	Prep	-
`for_Prep`	Prep	-
`from_Prep`	Prep	-
`in8front_Prep`	Prep	-
`in_Prep`	Prep	-
`on_Prep`	Prep	-
`part_Prep`	Prep	-
`possess_Prep`	Prep	-
`through_Prep`	Prep	-
`to_Prep`	Prep	-
`under_Prep`	Prep	-
`with_Prep`	Prep	-
`without_Prep`	Prep	-

Pron - personal pronoun

Function	Type	Example
`he_Pron`	Pron	-
`i_Pron`	Pron	-
`it_Pron`	Pron	-
`she_Pron`	Pron	-
`they_Pron`	Pron	-
`we_Pron`	Pron	-
`youPl_Pron`	Pron	-
`youPol_Pron`	Pron	-
`youSg_Pron`	Pron	-

Punct

Function	Type	Example
`exclMarkPunct`	Punct	!
`fullStopPunct`	Punct	.
`questMarkPunct`	Punct	?

QCl - question clause, with all tenses

Function	Type	Example
`mkQCl`	Cl `->` QCl	does John walk
`mkQCl`	IP `->` VP `->` QCl	who walks
`mkQCl`	IP `->` NP `->` V2 `->` QCl	whom does John love
`mkQCl`	IP `->` Slash `->` QCl	whom does John love today
`mkQCl`	IAdv `->` Cl `->` QCl	why does John walk
`mkQCl`	Prep `->` IP `->` Cl `->` QCl	with who does John walk
`mkQCl`	IAdv `->` NP `->` QCl	where is John
`mkQCl`	IP `->` QCl	what is there

QS - question

Function	Type	Example
`mkQS`	QCl `->` QS	who walks
`mkQS`	(Tense) `->` (Ant) `->` (Pol) `->` QCl `->` QS	who wouldn't have walked
`mkQS`	Cl `->` QS	does John walk

Quant - quantifier ('nucleus' of Det)

Function	Type	Example
`defQuant`	Quant	the
`indefQuant`	Quant	a
`that_Quant`	Quant	-
`this_Quant`	Quant	-

QuantPl

Function	Type	Example
`a_QuantPl`	QuantPl	(indefinite plural)
`mkQuantPl`	Quant `->` QuantPl	these
`the_QuantPl`	QuantPl	the
`these_QuantPl`	QuantPl	these
`those_QuantPl`	QuantPl	those

QuantSg

Function	Type	Example
`a_QuantSg`	QuantSg	a
`massQuant`	QuantSg	(mass terms)
`mkQuantSg`	Quant `->` QuantSg	this
`that_QuantSg`	QuantSg	that
`the_QuantSg`	QuantSg	the
`this_QuantSg`	QuantSg	this

RCl - relative clause, with all tenses

Function	Type	Example
`mkRCl`	RP `->` VP `->` RCl	that walk
`mkRCl`	RP `->` NP `->` V2 `->` RCl	which John loves
`mkRCl`	RP `->` Slash `->` RCl	which John loves today
`mkRCl`	Cl `->` RCl	such that John loves her

RP - relative pronoun

Function	Type	Example
`mkRP`	Prep `->` NP `->` RP `->` RP	all the houses in which
`which_RP`	RP	which

RS - relative

Function	Type	Example
`mkRS`	RCl `->` RS	that walk
`mkRS`	(Tense) `->` (Ant) `->` (Pol) `->` RCl `->` RS	that wouldn't have walked

S - declarative sentence

Function	Type	Example
`mkS`	Cl `->` S	John walks
`mkS`	(Tense) `->` (Ant) `->` (Pol) `->` Cl `->` S	John wouldn't have walked
`mkS`	Conj `->` S `->` S `->` S	John walks and I run
`mkS`	Conj `->` ListS `->` S	John walks, I run and you sleep
`mkS`	DConj `->` S `->` S `->` S	either John walk or I run
`mkS`	DConj `->` ListS `->` S	either John walks, I run or you sleep
`mkS`	Adv `->` S `->` S	today, John walks

SC - embedded sentence or question

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

Slash - clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)

Function	Type	Example
`mkSlash`	NP `->` V2 `->` Slash	(whom) John loves
`mkSlash`	NP `->` VV `->` V2 `->` Slash	(whom) John wants to see
`mkSlash`	Cl `->` Prep `->` Slash	(with whom) John walks
`mkSlash`	Slash `->` Adv `->` Slash	(whom) John loves today

Subj - subjunction

Function	Type	Example
`although_Subj`	Subj	-
`because_Subj`	Subj	-
`if_Subj`	Subj	-
`when_Subj`	Subj	-

Tense - tense

Function	Type	Example
`conditionalTense`	Tense	(John would walk) --# notpresent
`futureTense`	Tense	(John will walk) --# notpresent
`pastTense`	Tense	(John walked) --# notpresent
`presentTense`	Tense	(John walks) [default]

Text - text consisting of several phrases

Function	Type	Example
`emptyText`	Text	(empty text)
`mkText`	Phr `->` Text	But John walks.
`mkText`	Phr `->` (Punct) `->` (Text) `->` Text	John walks? Yes.
`mkText`	Utt `->` Text	John.
`mkText`	S `->` Text	John walked.
`mkText`	Cl `->` Text	John walks.
`mkText`	QS `->` Text	Did John walk?
`mkText`	Imp `->` Text	Walk!
`mkText`	Text `->` Text `->` Text	Where? When? Here. Now!

Utt - sentence, question, word...

Function	Type	Example
`lets_Utt`	VP `->` Utt	let's walk
`mkUtt`	S `->` Utt	John walked
`mkUtt`	Cl `->` Utt	John walks
`mkUtt`	QS `->` Utt	did John walk
`mkUtt`	Imp `->` Utt	love yourself
`mkUtt`	(ImpForm) `->` (Pol) `->` Imp `->` Utt	don't love yourselves
`mkUtt`	IP `->` Utt	who
`mkUtt`	IAdv `->` Utt	why
`mkUtt`	NP `->` Utt	John
`mkUtt`	Adv `->` Utt	here
`mkUtt`	VP `->` Utt	to walk

V - one-place verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

V2 - two-place verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

V2A - verb with NP and AP complement

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

V3 - three-place verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

VA - adjective-complement verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

VP - verb phrase

Function	Type	Example
`mkVP`	V `->` VP	walk
`mkVP`	V2 `->` NP `->` VP	love her
`mkVP`	V3 `->` NP `->` NP `->` VP	send it to her
`mkVP`	VV `->` VP `->` VP	want to walk
`mkVP`	VS `->` S `->` VP	know that she walks
`mkVP`	VQ `->` QS `->` VP	ask if she walks
`mkVP`	VA `->` AP `->` VP	become old
`mkVP`	V2A `->` NP `->` AP `->` VP	paint it red
`mkVP`	A `->` VP	be warm
`mkVP`	AP `->` VP	be very warm
`mkVP`	A `->` NP `->` VP	be older than her
`mkVP`	A2 `->` NP `->` VP	be married to her
`mkVP`	N `->` VP	be a man
`mkVP`	CN `->` VP	be an old man
`mkVP`	NP `->` VP	be the man
`mkVP`	Adv `->` VP	be here
`mkVP`	VP `->` Adv `->` VP	sleep here
`mkVP`	AdV `->` VP `->` VP	always sleep
`passiveVP`	V2 `->` VP	be loved
`passiveVP`	V2 `->` NP `->` VP	be loved by her
`progressiveVP`	VP `->` VP	be sleeping
`reflexiveVP`	V2 `->` VP	love itself

VQ - question-complement verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

VS - sentence-complement verb

Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.

VV - verb-phrase-complement verb

Function	Type	Example
`can8know_VV`	VV	-
`can_VV`	VV	-
`must_VV`	VV	-
`want_VV`	VV	-

Voc - vocative or "please"

Function	Type	Example
`mkVoc`	NP `->` Voc	John
`please_Voc`	Voc	-

Lexical Paradigms

Paradigms for Danish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`utrum`	Gender
`neutrum`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`noPrep`	Prep
`mkN`	`(bil` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(hus` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen,biler` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`regN2`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkPN`	N `->` PN
`mkA`	`(fin` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(fin,fint` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(galen,galet,galne` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(stor,stort,store,storre,storst` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`(snakke` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(leve,levde` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(drikke,` `drakk,` `drukket` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	V `->` `Str` `->` V
`vaereV`	V `->` V
`depV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for English

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/english/ParadigmsEng.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`human`	Gender
`nonhuman`	Gender
`masculine`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`mkN`	`(flash` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(man,men` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(man,men,man's,men's` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`Str` `->` N `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`regN2`	`Str` `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	N `->` PN
`mkA`	`(happy` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(fat,fatter` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(good,better,best,well` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`compoundA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`noPrep`	Prep
`mkV`	`(cry` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(stop,` `stopped` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(drink,` `drank,` `drunk` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(run,` `ran,` `run,` `running` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(go,` `goes,` `went,` `gone,` `going` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`partV`	V `->` `Str` `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for Finnish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf

Function	Type
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`partitive`	Case
`translative`	Case
`inessive`	Case
`elative`	Case
`illative`	Case
`adessive`	Case
`ablative`	Case
`allative`	Case
`prePrep`	Case `->` `Str` `->` Prep
`postPrep`	Case `->` `Str` `->` Prep
`postGenPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`casePrep`	Case `->` Prep
`mkN`	`(talo` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(savi,savia` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(vesi,veden,vesi�` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(olo,oln,olona,oloa,oloon,oloina,oloissa,olojen,oloja,oloihin` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`sgpartN`	`(meri` `:` `N)` `->` `(merta` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nMeri`	`(meri` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nKukko`	`(kukko,kukon,kukkoja` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nTalo`	`(talo` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nLukko`	`(lukko` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nArpi`	`(arpi` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nSylki`	`(sylki` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nLinux`	`(linuxia` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nPeruna`	`(peruna` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nRae`	`(rae,` `rakeena` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nSusi`	`(susi,suden,sutta` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nPuu`	`(puu` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nSuo`	`(suo` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nNainen`	`(naista` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nTilaus`	`(tilaus,tilauksena` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nKulaus`	`(kulaus` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`nNauris`	`(naurista` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`compN`	`Str` `->` N `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` N2 `=` `genN2`
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2 `=` `mmkN2`
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	N `->` PN
`mkA`	`Str` `->` A
`mkA`	N `->` A
`mkA`	N `->` `(kivempaa,kivinta` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkV`	`(soutaa` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(soutaa,souti` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(soutaa,soudan,souti` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	V `->` Case `->` V
`vValua`	`(valua` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`vKattaa`	`(kattaa,` `katan` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`vOstaa`	`(ostaa` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`vNousta`	`(nousta,` `nousen` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`vTuoda`	`(tuoda` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`caseV`	Case `->` V `->` V
`vOlla`	V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Case `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Case `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` Prep `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for French

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/french/ParadigmsFre.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`accusative`	Prep
`genitive`	Prep
`dative`	Prep
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`mkN`	`(cheval` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(foie` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(oeil,yeux` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	N `->` `Str` `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`deN2`	N `->` N2
`aN2`	N `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkA`	`(cher` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(sec,seche` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(banal,banale,banaux,banalement` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	A `->` A `->` A
`prefixA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`(finir` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(jeter,jette,jettera` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	V2 `->` V
`etreV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	V `->` V2 `=` `dirV2`
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2 `=` `mmkV2`
`mkV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`deVV`	V `->` VV
`aVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` Prep `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for German

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/german/ParadigmsGer.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`neuter`	Gender
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`accusative`	Case
`dative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`mkN`	`(Stufe` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(Bild,Bilder` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(x1,_,_,_,_,x6` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN2`	`Str` `->` N2
`mkN2`	N `->` N2
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`(nom,gen` `:` `Str)` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`(nom,acc,dat,gen` `:` `Str)` `->` PN
`mkA`	`Str` `->` A
`mkA`	`(gut,besser,beste` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`invarA`	`Str` `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Case `->` Prep
`accPrep`	Prep
`datPrep`	Prep
`genPrep`	Prep
`von_Prep`	Prep
`zu_Prep`	Prep
`mkV`	`(f�hren` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(sehen,sieht,sah,s�he,gesehen` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(geben,` `gibt,` `gib,` `gab,` `g�be,` `gegeben` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`Str` `->` V `->` V
`no_geV`	V `->` V
`seinV`	V `->` V
`habenV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` Case `->` V
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Case `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`accdatV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for Italian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`--Prep`	Type
`accusative`	Prep
`genitive`	Prep
`dative`	Prep
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`mkN`	`(cane` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(carne` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(uomo,uomini` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	N `->` `Str` `->` N
`mkN2`	`Str` `->` N2
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkA`	`(bianco` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	A `->` A `->` A
`prefixA`	A `->` A `=` `prefA`
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`Str` `->` V
`mkV`	Verbo `->` V
`mkV`	`(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`essereV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`v2V`	V2 `->` V
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`deVV`	V `->` VV
`aVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` Prep `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for Norwegian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`neutrum`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`noPrep`	Prep
`mkN`	`Str` `->` N
`mkN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`regN2`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkPN`	N `->` PN
`mkA`	`(fin` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(fin,fint` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(galen,galet,galne` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(stor,stort,store,storre,storst` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`(snakke` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(leve,levde` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(drikke,` `drakk,` `drukket` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	V `->` `Str` `->` V
`vaereV`	V `->` V
`depV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for Russian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`neuter`	Gender
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`dative`	Case
`accusative`	Case
`instructive`	Case
`prepositional`	Case
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`mkN`	`(nomSg,` `genSg,` `datSg,` `accSg,` `instSg,` `preposSg,` `prepos2Sg,`
`regN`	`Str` `->` N
`nMashina`	`Str` `->` N
`nEdinica`	`Str` `->` N
`nZhenchina`	`Str` `->` N
`nNoga`	`Str` `->` N
`nMalyariya`	`Str` `->` N
`nTetya`	`Str` `->` N
`nBol`	`Str` `->` N
`nObezbolivauchee`	`Str` `->` N
`nProizvedenie`	`Str` `->` N
`nChislo`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` N
`nZhivotnoe`	`Str` `->` N
`nPepel`	`Str` `->` N
`nMalush`	`Str` `->` N
`nPotolok`	`Str` `->` N
`nStomatolog`	`Str` `->` N
`nAdres`	`Str` `->` N
`nTelefon`	`Str` `->` N
`nNol`	`Str` `->` N
`nUchitel`	`Str` `->` N
`nUroven`	`Str` `->` N
`nSlovar`	`Str` `->` N
`nMusej`	`Str` `->` N
`nDvorec`	`Str` `->` N
`nTovarish`	`Str` `->` N
`nMesjac`	`Str` `->` N
`nGrazhdanin`	`Str` `->` N
`nRebenok`	`Str` `->` N
`nPut`	`Str` `->` N
`nGospodin`	`Str` `->` N
`nDen`	`Str` `->` N
`nDrug`	`Str` `->` N
`nSyn`	`Str` `->` N
`nLes`	`Str` `->` N
`nMost`	`Str` `->` N
`mkFun`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`mkN2`	N `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` Animacy `->` PN
`nounPN`	N `->` PN
`regA`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`adjInvar`	`Str` `->` A
`AStaruyj`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`AMalenkij`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`AKhoroshij`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`AMolodoj`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`AKakoj_Nibud`	`Str` `->` `Str` `->` `Str` `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` `Str` `->` Case `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkV`	Aspect `->` `(presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,`
`pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive`	`Str)` `->` V
`mkV2`	V `->` `Str` `->` Case `->` V2
`mkV3`	V `->` `Str` `->` `Str` `->` Case `->` Case `->` V3
`dirV2`	V `->` V2
`tvDirDir`	V `->` V3

Paradigms for Spanish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`masculine`	Gender
`feminine`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`accusative`	Prep
`genitive`	Prep
`dative`	Prep
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`mkN`	`(luz` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(baston,bastones` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`compN`	N `->` `Str` `->` N
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`deN2`	N `->` N2
`aN2`	N `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`(Anna` `:` `Str)` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`(Pilar` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkA`	`(util` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(bueno` `:` `A)` `->` `(mejor` `:` `A)` `->` A
`prefixA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`(pagar` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(mostrar,muestro` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	Verbum `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`special_ppV`	V `->` `Str` `->` V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`v2V`	V2 `->` V
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`dirdirV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`deVV`	V `->` VV
`aVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` Prep `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` A2V

Paradigms for Swedish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf

Function	Type
`Gender`	Type
`utrum`	Gender
`neutrum`	Gender
`Number`	Type
`singular`	Number
`plural`	Number
`Case`	Type
`nominative`	Case
`genitive`	Case
`mkPrep`	`Str` `->` Prep
`noPrep`	Prep
`mkN`	`(apa` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(lik` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` N
`mkN`	`(nyckel,nycklar` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN`	`(museum,museet,museer,museerna` `:` `Str)` `->` N
`mkN2`	`Str` `->` N2
`mkN2`	N `->` Prep `->` N2
`mkN3`	N `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` N3
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` PN
`mkPN`	`Str` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkPN`	`(jesus,jesu` `:` `Str)` `->` Gender `->` PN
`mkA`	`(billig` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(bred,brett` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(tung,tyngre,tyngst` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(god,gott,goda,battre,bast` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`mkA`	`(liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta` `:` `Str)` `->` A
`compoundA`	A `->` A
`mkA2`	A `->` Prep `->` A2
`mkAdv`	`Str` `->` Adv
`mkAdV`	`Str` `->` AdV
`mkAdA`	`Str` `->` AdA
`mkV`	`(st�mmer` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(dricka,drack,druckit` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	`(g�,g�r,g�,gick,g�tt,g�ngen` `:` `Str)` `->` V
`mkV`	V `->` `Str` `->` V
`depV`	V `->` V
`reflV`	V `->` V
`mkV2`	`Str` `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` V2
`mkV2`	V `->` Prep `->` V2
`mkV3`	`Str` `->` V3
`mkV3`	V `->` V3
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` V3
`mkV3`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V3
`mkV0`	V `->` V0
`mkVS`	V `->` VS
`mkV2S`	V `->` Prep `->` V2S
`mkVV`	V `->` VV
`mkV2V`	V `->` Prep `->` Prep `->` V2V
`mkVA`	V `->` VA
`mkV2A`	V `->` Prep `->` V2A
`mkVQ`	V `->` VQ
`mkV2Q`	V `->` Prep `->` V2Q
`mkAS`	A `->` AS
`mkA2S`	A `->` Prep `->` A2S
`mkAV`	A `->` AV
`mkA2V`	A `->` Prep `->` A2V

Browsing the libraries with GF commands

New: Browsing by syntax editor directly on the web.

All of the following assume

    cd $GF_LIB_PATH

To try out inflection paradigms:

    > i -path=alltenses:prelude -retain alltenses/ParadigmsGer.gfr
    > cc mkN "Farbe"

To try out overloaded syntax, test lexicon, and inflection paradigms:

    > i -path=alltenses:prelude -retain alltenses/TryGer.gfr
    > cc mkCl (mkNP this_QuantSg (mkN "Farbe")) (mkA "dunkel")

To look for a syntax tree in the overload API by parsing:

    > i -path=alltenses:prelude alltenses/OverLangEng.gfc
    > p -cat=S -overload "this grammar is too big"

To view linearizations in all languages by parsing from English:

    > i alltenses/langs.gfcm
    > p -cat=S -lang=LangEng "this grammar is too big" | tb

An Example of Usage

The standard way of building an application has the following modules.

An abstract syntax:

    abstract Music = {    
    cat 
      Kind, 
      Property ;
    fun 
      PropKind : Kind -> Property -> Kind ; 
      Song : Kind ;
      American : Property ;
    }

A domain lexicon interface:

    interface LexMusic = open Cat in {
    oper
      song_N : N ;
      american_A : A ;
    }

A functor on Syntax and the domain lexicon interface:

    incomplete concrete MusicI of Music = open Syntax, MusicLex in {
    lincat 
      Kind = CN ;
      Property = AP ;
    lin
      PropKind k p = mkCN p k ;
      Song = mkCN song_N ;
      American = mkAP american_A ;
    }

For each language, an instance of the domain lexicon:

    instance LexMusicGer of LexMusic = CatGer ** open ParadigmsGer in {    
    oper
      song_N = mkN "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
      american_A = mkA "amerikanisch" ;
    }

For each language, an instantiation of the functor:

    --# -path=.:present:prelude
  
    concrete MusicGer of Music = MusicI with
      (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
      (LexMusic = LexMusicGer) ;

GF Resource Grammar Library: Synopsis

Introduction

Categories

A hierarchic view

Explanations

Syntax Rules and Structural Words

A - one-place adjective

A2 - two-place adjective

AP - adjectival phrase

AdA - adjective-modifying adverb

AdN - numeral-modifying adverb

AdV - adverb directly attached to verb

Adv - verb-phrase-modifying adverb

Ant - anteriority

CAdv - comparative adverb

CN - common noun (without determiner)

Cl - declarative clause, with all tenses

Comp - complement of copula, such as AP

Conj - conjunction

DConj - distributed conjunction

Det - determiner phrase

Digits - cardinal or ordinal in digits

IAdv - interrogative adverb

IComp - interrogative complement of copula

IDet - interrogative determiner

IP - interrogative pronoun

Imp - imperative

ImpForm

ListAP

ListAdv

ListNP

ListS

N - common noun

N2 - relational noun

N3 - three-place relational noun

NP - noun phrase (subject or object)

Num - cardinal number (used with QuantPl)

Numeral - cardinal or ordinal in words

Ord - ordinal number (used in Det)

PConj - phrase-beginning conjunction

PN - proper name

Phr - phrase in a text

Pol - polarity

Predet - predeterminer (prefixed Quant)

Prep - preposition, or just case

Pron - personal pronoun

Punct

QCl - question clause, with all tenses

QS - question

Quant - quantifier ('nucleus' of Det)

QuantPl

QuantSg

RCl - relative clause, with all tenses

RP - relative pronoun

RS - relative

S - declarative sentence

SC - embedded sentence or question

Slash - clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)

Subj - subjunction

Tense - tense

Text - text consisting of several phrases

Utt - sentence, question, word...

V - one-place verb

V2 - two-place verb

V2A - verb with NP and AP complement

V3 - three-place verb

VA - adjective-complement verb

VP - verb phrase

VQ - question-complement verb

VS - sentence-complement verb

VV - verb-phrase-complement verb

Voc - vocative or "please"

Lexical Paradigms

Paradigms for Danish

Paradigms for English

Paradigms for Finnish

Paradigms for French

Paradigms for German

Paradigms for Italian

Paradigms for Norwegian