Programming Language Technology

DAT151 (Chalmers) / DIT231 (GU)
Winter Term 2020 (LP2)

http://www.cse.chalmers.se/edu/course/DAT151/

Fire / Canvas / Chalmers studieportal / GU ad (sv) / GU kursplan / GU course description / Course page 2019

News and changes

2021-08-23
The second reexam will be held 26 August on Canvas organized as course 17081. If you registered to the exam, you should have gotten an invitation to this course. Please read the instructions there.

2021-04-06
The first re-exam will be held 8 April 2021 on Canvas organized as course 14779. If you registered to the exam, you should have gotten an invitation to this course. Please read the instructions there.
2020-02-01
Exam review will be Tue 2 Feb 13.30 on Zoom. More info and link on Canvas.
2021-01-13
The exam got 97 submissions. Exam text and solution.

2021-01-08
The exam will be held 11 January on Canvas organized as course 13801. If you registered to the exam, you should have gotten an invitation to this course. Please read the instructions there.

Since the exam is open-book instead of the usual closed-book, the style will be different, see last year's reexam and solution. You'll notice some questions that require you to write a self-contained specification of a procedure (e.g. interpreter or compiler).
2020-12-08
The flawed `runExec` function has been fixed in the monads script.

2020-11-21
A script about the implementation of the interpreter in Haskell. This completes and extends the hints given in the plt book, and contains a tutorial on monads and monad transformers.

2020-11-20
Lab 4 description is online.

2020-11-20
The testsuite runner for lab2 has been relaxed to look for TYPE ERROR and INTERPRETER ERROR anywhere in stdout and stderr.
2020-11-17
Lab 3 description is online.
2020-11-17
The script for lecture 5 (type checking) has been updated to incorporate the changes made in the lecture.

2020-11-13
Lab 2 description is online.

It differs from the 2019 version in that an annotating type checker is needed.
2020-11-02
Lab 1 description is online.

Labs are done in groups of 2. Please look for a lab partner.

Tentative Schedule

Lectures take place on Zoom, link see Canvas.

Material: plt = course book, dragon = Dragon book. Slides follow closely the plt book.

Date Time Title Material
Tue 03/11 13-15 PL Design, Compilation Phases slides, plt 1, dragon 1, live coding Calc
Thu 05/11 13-15 Grammars / BNFC / Hands-on with Lab 1 slides, plt 2, dragon 2.8.2,4.1-4.3, live coding
Tue 10/11 13-15 Formal languages and parsing slides, plt 3, dragon 3,4, LR-table.txt
Thu 12/11 13-15 Theory of lexing slides, plt 3, dragon 3,4
Mon 16/11 23 Lab 1 deadline
Tue 17/11 13-15 Type checking slides, plt 4, dragon 5,6, script
Thu 19/11 13-15 Interpreting slides, plt 5, script
Tue 24/11 13-14 Hands-on with Lab 2 (Haskell) lab2 PM script Monads
Tue 24/11 14-15 Hands-on with Lab 2 (Java)
Thu 26/11 13-15 Code generation slides, plt 6, dragon 6,7, script
Mon 30/11 23 Lab 2 deadline
Tue 01/12 13-14 Hands-on with Lab 3 (Haskell) lab3 PM
Tue 01/12 14-15 Hands-on with Lab 3 (Java)
Thu 03/12 13-15 Functional programming languages slides, plt 7, dragon 6.5,7.3, script
Tue 08/12 13-15 Type inference and polymorphism plt 7.7-9, script
Thu 10/12 13-14 Hands-on with Lab 4 (Haskell) live code start finish
Thu 10/12 14-15 Hands-on with Lab 4 (Java) live code start finish
Mon 14/12 23 Lab 3 deadline
Tue 15/12 13-15 Dependent types (Agda) Live coding start stop
Thu 17/12 13-15 Preparing for the exam Training exam Answer Q1 Q1.c Answer Q2-6
2021
Fri 08/01 23 Lab 4 deadline
Mon 11/01 8.30-12.30 Exam (Canvas)
Fri 22/01 23 Final lab deadline all lab returns
Thu 08/04 8.30-12.30 First reexam (Canvas)
Thu 26/08 14-18 Second reexam

The official course schema is in Time Edit.

Description

The aim of the course is to give understanding of how programming languages are designed, documented, and implemented. The course covers the basic techniques and tools needed to write interpreters, and gives a summary introduction to compilation as well. Those who have passed the course should be able to

  1. define the lexical structure of programming languages by using regular expressions, explain the functioning of finite automata, and implement lexical analysers by using standard tools;
  2. define the syntax of programming languages by using context-free grammars, explain the principles of LL and LR parsing, and implement parsers by using standard tools;
  3. define and implement abstract syntax;
  4. master the technique of syntax-directed translation and its efficient implementation in their chosen programming language;
  5. formulate typing rules and implement type checkers;
  6. formulate operational semantic rules and implement interpreters;
  7. write simple code generators;
  8. be familiar with the basic implementation issues of both imperative and functional languages;
  9. master the principles of polymorphic type checking by unification;
  10. implement an interpreter for a functional language.

Teachers

Andreas Abel, responsible course teacher and examiner.

Mohammad Ahmadpanah (MA), Andreas Lööw (AL), Oskar Abrahamsson (OA), assistants.

Questions regarding this class (organization, content, labs) should be asked publicly on the Canvas forum in the most cases. You are also welcome to answer questions by others. (Don't give away any lab solutions when you ask or answer questions!)

Laboration times and supervision

Lab supervision workflow: Start a Zoom meeting and invite your group partner to join. To ask for help, sign up on the Waglys digital waiting list with your 10-digit Zoom ID (as "6435657890" from "https://chalmers.zoom.us/j/6435657890"), so that the TAs know where to find you. Please make sure your meeting does not require password to get in. A TA will join your Zoom meeting as soon as it's your turn.

Day Time Supervisors
Tue 15:15-17:00 OA MA
Thu 15:15-17:00 AL MA
Fri 13:15-15:00 AL OA

Supervision is available from Tue 03 November till Fri 18 December 2020.

Attendance in these classes is optional. Normally, each student should attend at most one supervised laboration time each week. Since attendance is not compulsory, there may be room for more times. But, if there is lack of room, those who attend their first supervision of the week have priority to get a place and supervisor help.

Laborations

There will be four laborations, written in pairs. (Individual solutions are accepted per exception, please contact the course responsible.) You have to pass the labs to pass the course. However, the course grade is determined solely by the exam.

The labs are quite substantial, so please set aside at least 30 full working hours (4 full working days) before the deadline. It is recommended to start at least 10 days before the deadline.

It is recommended to use a version control system like git for code development. In case you use cloud-based code hosting like e.g. GitLab GitHub or Bitbucket, make sure your repository is private to not give away your lab solution. (Along the same lines, never post your solution on public fora and mailing lists!)

Reporting is done via Fire. Before submitting your solution, run your program through the provided test suite. Also, make sure that your submission contains all necessary files and the build succeeds. For instance, if you are submitting an archive, unpack the archive in a fresh directory and check the build there.

We guarantee two gradings per lab: one for the version submitted before the ordinary deadline for that lab, the other for a resubmission before the final deadline. If your first submission does not build or does not pass the testsuite, you will just get fails testsuite as grading.

Note: You have to submit something by the first deadline, otherwise Fire will not allow a (re)submission for the final deadline. (In the worst case, if you absolutely did not manage to work on the lab before the first deadline, submit an empty solution.)

As part of the grading, you may be asked to explain your solution in person to a course teacher. Be prepared to get a call for such an explanation meeting. In particular, make sure you understand all parts of the solution (good documentation helps!).

Exam

The written exam determines the course grade, the usual grading scales apply: Chalmers: 5, 4, 3, U; Gothenburg University: VG, G, U.

Exam dates: 11 Jan 2021 am J, 08 Apr 2021 am J, 26 Aug 2021 pm J.

The exam tests the understanding of the course contents from a more high-level view, e.g., the underlying theoretical concepts. The exam has the same structure as these old exams (download as archive).

Further, here are some exercises and solutions to prepare for the exam.

Literature

The main book will be one that developed from earlier editions of this course:

Aarne Ranta
Implementing Programming Languages. An Introduction to Compilers and Interpreters, College Publications, London, 2012. Web page (with extra material and links to selling sites)

Errata

If you are really interested in the topic, for instance, if you want to continue with the Compiler Construction course, you should also consider the Dragon book,

Aho, Lam, Sethi & Ullman
Compilers Principles, Techniques & Tools, Second edition, Pearson/Addison Wesley 2007.

Both books are available at web bookshops. The main book will also be sold at Cremona.

A good (yet slightly dated) introduction to monads in Haskell, useful for implementing interpreters, type checkers, and compilers, is this article:

Philip Wadler
Monads for functional programming. In Advanced Functional Programming, First International Spring School on Advanced Functional Programming Techniques, Båstad, Sweden, May 24-30, 1995.

It also contains an introduction to parser combinators.

Software

BNF Converter 2.8 http://bnfc.digitalgrammars.com/ | Hackage | Stackage | GitHub

The latest version of BNFC (2.8.4) can be installed following these instructions.

When using the Java backend, you will need either ANTLR or the CUP libraries and either JFLex or the JLex libraries. CUP has seen incompatible changes in its interface; thus, the version you need may depend on your BNFC version.

Java/CUP Instructions for BNFC 2.8.2/3/4 (uses CUP v0.11b)

Download the JAVA archives for CUP v11b, CUP v11b runtime, and JLex. Make sure they are placed in your classpath, for example (Linux / macOS) by storing these jars in $HOME/java-lib/ and adding the following line (or a suitable variant) to .bashrc (could also be .bash_profile or similar):

    export CLASSPATH=.:${HOME}/java-lib/java-cup-11b.jar:${HOME}/java-lib/java-cup-11b-runtime.jar:${HOME}/java-lib/JLex-1.2.6.jar:${CLASSPATH}

Java/CUP Instructions for BNFC ≤ 2.8.1 (uses CUP v0.10k)

You can download pre-compiled versions here. Make sure they are placed in your classpath, for example (Linux / macOS) by extracting to ~/javatools/ adding the following to .bashrc:

    export CLASSPATH=.:~/javatools/:~/javatools/Cup/:${CLASSPATH}

On Debian-style Linux (like Ubuntu), the following now also works to install these libaries:

    sudo apt install jlex cup

Then the class path needs to be set as follows (bash):

    export CLASSPATH=.:/usr/share/java/JLex.jar:/usr/share/java/cup.jar

Student representatives

Student representatives for DAT151 Programming language technology.

Program @student.chalmers.se Name
MPALG willim Daniel Willim